+ ACADEMIC VOCABULARIES 4
B1 (Intermediate)
- Professor
- Phonemic: /prəˈfes.ər/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Professorial (adjective), Profession (noun), Professional (adjective/noun)
- Meaning: A teacher of the highest rank in a college or university.
- Example: “The professor delivered an insightful lecture on environmental science.”
- Collocations: Distinguished professor, assistant professor, become a professor
- Vietnamese: Giáo sư
- Sound Link:
- Historians
- Phonemic: /hɪˈstɔː.ri.ən/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: History (noun), Historical (adjective), Historic (adjective)
- Meaning: A person who studies or writes about history.
- Example: “Historians often debate the causes of revolutions.”
- Collocations: Amateur historian, professional historian, historians agree
- Vietnamese: Nhà sử học
- Sound Link:
- Technology
- Phonemic: /tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Technological (adjective), Technologically (adverb), Technician (noun)
- Meaning: The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
- Example: “Technology has transformed the way we communicate.”
- Collocations: Information technology, advanced technology, apply technology
- Vietnamese: Công nghệ
- Sound Link:
- Transport
- Phonemic: /ˈtræns.pɔːt/
- Word Form: Noun, Verb
- Word Family: Transportation (noun), Transportable (adjective)
- Meaning: The movement of people or goods from one place to another.
- Example: “Public transport is crucial for reducing carbon emissions.”
- Collocations: Road transport, air transport, arrange transport
- Vietnamese: Vận tải
- Sound Link:
- Population
- Phonemic: /ˌpɒp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Populate (verb), Populous (adjective)
- Meaning: All the inhabitants of a particular area or country.
- Example: “The city’s population has grown significantly.”
- Collocations: Urban population, rural population, increase population
- Vietnamese: Dân số
- Sound Link:
- Cheap Labour
- Phonemic: /tʃiːp ˈleɪ.bər/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Cheap (adjective), Labour (noun), Laborious (adjective)
- Meaning: Workers who are paid very little for their labor.
- Example: “The factory relies on cheap labour to remain competitive.”
- Collocations: Affordable labour, exploit cheap labour, employ cheap labour
- Vietnamese: Lao động giá rẻ
- Sound Link:
- Drinking
- Phonemic: /ˈdrɪŋ.kɪŋ/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Drink (verb, noun), Drinker (noun), Drunk (adjective/noun)
- Meaning: The act of consuming liquid, often referring to alcohol.
- Example: “Excessive drinking can harm your health.”
- Collocations: Heavy drinking, social drinking, avoid drinking
- Vietnamese: Uống rượu bia
- Sound Link:
- Improve
- Phonemic: /ɪmˈpruːv/
- Word Form: Verb
- Word Family: Improvement (noun), Improved (adjective)
- Meaning: To make something better or become better.
- Example: “The new teacher helped her students improve their grades.”
- Collocations: Improve skills, improve performance, marginally improve
- Vietnamese: Cải thiện
- Sound Link:
- Food
- Phonemic: /fuːd/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Foodstuff (noun), Foodie (noun)
- Meaning: Substances consumed for nutritional purposes.
- Example: “The restaurant serves a variety of delicious food.”
- Collocations: Organic food, fresh food, prepare food
- Vietnamese: Thực phẩm
- Sound Link:
- Political
- Phonemic: /pəˈlɪt.ɪ.kəl/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Politics (noun), Politician (noun), Politically (adverb)
- Meaning: Relating to the government or public affairs of a country.
- Example: “Political stability is essential for economic growth.”
- Collocations: Political crisis, political reform, engage in political activities
- Vietnamese: Chính trị
- Sound Link:
B2 (Upper-Intermediate)
- Industry
- Phonemic: /ˈɪn.də.stri/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Industrial (adjective), Industrialize (verb), Industrialization (noun)
- Meaning: The production of goods in factories, especially on a large scale.
- Example: “The tourism industry contributes significantly to the economy.”
- Collocations: Manufacturing industry, booming industry, expand the industry
- Vietnamese: Ngành công nghiệp
- Sound Link:
- Revolution
- Phonemic: /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Revolutionary (adjective), Revolutionize (verb), Revolt (verb)
- Meaning: A significant change, often involving technology, society, or government.
- Example: “The digital revolution has transformed communication worldwide.”
- Collocations: Peaceful revolution, industrial revolution, spark a revolution
- Vietnamese: Cuộc cách mạng
- Sound Link:
- Enigma
- Phonemic: /ɪˈnɪɡ.mə/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Enigmatic (adjective)
- Meaning: Something mysterious and difficult to understand or explain.
- Example: “The cause of the mysterious fire remains an enigma.”
- Collocations: Great enigma, enduring enigma, solve an enigma
- Vietnamese: Điều bí ẩn
- Sound Link:
- Affluent
- Phonemic: /ˈæf.lu.ənt/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Affluence (noun)
- Meaning: Having a lot of money or owning expensive things.
- Example: “Affluent societies tend to have better access to healthcare.”
- Collocations: Extremely affluent, relatively affluent, affluent families
- Vietnamese: Giàu có, sung túc
- Sound Link:
- Factors
- Phonemic: /ˈfæk.tərz/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Factorize (verb), Factorable (adjective)
- Meaning: Elements that contribute to or influence the outcome of something.
- Example: “Environmental factors play a crucial role in animal migration.”
- Collocations: Key factor, contributing factors, several factors
- Vietnamese: Yếu tố
- Sound Link:
- Properties
- Phonemic: /ˈprɒp.ə.tiz/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Proprietary (adjective), Property (noun)
- Meaning: Characteristics or features of something; possessions or land owned by someone.
- Example: “The chemical properties of the material make it useful for construction.”
- Collocations: Unique properties, valuable property, assess properties
- Vietnamese: Tính chất, tài sản
- Sound Link:
- Mortality
- Phonemic: /mɔːˈtæl.ə.ti/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Mortal (adjective), Immortality (noun)
- Meaning: The condition of being subject to death; death rate in a population.
- Example: “Mortality rates have declined thanks to advances in medicine.”
- Collocations: Infant mortality, high mortality, reduce mortality
- Vietnamese: Tỉ lệ tử vong
- Sound Link:
- Scepticism
- Phonemic: /ˈskep.tɪ.sɪ.zəm/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Sceptical (adjective), Sceptic (noun)
- Meaning: Doubt or disbelief regarding something’s reliability or truth.
- Example: “Public scepticism about the new policy is increasing.”
- Collocations: Healthy scepticism, widespread scepticism, express scepticism
- Vietnamese: Sự hoài nghi
- Sound Link:
- Environmental Conditions
- Phonemic: /ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl kənˈdɪʃ.ənz/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Environment (noun), Environmentalist (noun)
- Meaning: Physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting organisms.
- Example: “Environmental conditions are worsening due to deforestation.”
- Collocations: Stable conditions, adverse conditions, improve conditions
- Vietnamese: Điều kiện môi trường
- Sound Link:
- Static
- Phonemic: /ˈstæt.ɪk/
- Word Form: Adjective, Noun
- Word Family: Statically (adverb)
- Meaning: Not moving or changing; fixed.
- Example: “The company’s revenue has remained static over the years.”
- Collocations: Relatively static, completely static, remain static
- Vietnamese: Tĩnh, không thay đổi
- Sound Link:
C1 (Advanced)
- Combination lock (metaphorical)
- Phonemic: /ˌkɒm.bɪˈneɪ.ʃən lɒk/
- Word Form: Noun (metaphorical use)
- Word Family: Combination (noun), Combine (verb)
- Meaning: Used metaphorically to describe a complex problem that requires specific steps or elements to solve.
- Example: “Success can sometimes feel like solving a combination lock, needing all the right elements in place.”
- Collocations: Unlock the combination, find the combination, complex combination lock
- Vietnamese: Ổ khóa kết hợp (ẩn dụ để chỉ vấn đề phức tạp)
- Sound Link:
- Deduction
- Phonemic: /dɪˈdʌk.ʃən/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Deductive (adjective), Deduce (verb)
- Meaning: The process of reaching a conclusion based on evidence or reasoning.
- Example: “Sherlock Holmes was famous for his remarkable skills of deduction.”
- Collocations: Logical deduction, deduction method, reach a deduction
- Vietnamese: Suy luận
- Sound Link:
- Economically efficient
- Phonemic: /ˌek.əˈnɒm.ɪ.kəl.i ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Economy (noun), Economical (adjective), Efficiency (noun)
- Meaning: Achieving maximum productivity with minimal wasted resources.
- Example: “Investing in renewable energy is economically efficient in the long term.”
- Collocations: Economically efficient method, highly efficient, efficient use of resources
- Vietnamese: Hiệu quả về kinh tế
- Sound Link:
- Antiseptic
- Phonemic: /ˌæn.tɪˈsep.tɪk/
- Word Form: Noun, Adjective
- Word Family: Antiseptically (adverb), Septic (adjective)
- Meaning: A substance that prevents infection by killing bacteria or germs.
- Example: “The nurse applied an antiseptic to the wound to prevent infection.”
- Collocations: Use antiseptic, antiseptic properties, antiseptic solution
- Vietnamese: Chất sát trùng
- Sound Link:
- Prevalence
- Phonemic: /ˈprev.əl.əns/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Prevalent (adjective), Prevail (verb)
- Meaning: The state of being widespread or common.
- Example: “The prevalence of internet usage has changed how we communicate.”
- Collocations: High prevalence, increasing prevalence, prevalence rate
- Vietnamese: Sự phổ biến
- Sound Link:
- Coincidence
- Phonemic: /kəʊˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Coincidental (adjective), Coincidentally (adverb)
- Meaning: A situation where two or more events happen at the same time by chance.
- Example: “It was a sheer coincidence that we met at the same café.”
- Collocations: Sheer coincidence, pure coincidence, strange coincidence
- Vietnamese: Sự trùng hợp
- Sound Link:
- Sanitation
- Phonemic: /ˌsæn.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Sanitary (adjective), Sanitization (noun), Sanitize (verb)
- Meaning: Measures to protect public health, especially by providing clean water and waste disposal.
- Example: “Improving sanitation can significantly reduce disease outbreaks.”
- Collocations: Basic sanitation, improve sanitation, sanitation facilities
- Vietnamese: Vệ sinh công cộng
- Sound Link:
- Antibacterial agent
- Phonemic: /ˌæn.ti.bækˈtɪə.ri.əl ˈeɪ.dʒənt/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Antibacterial (adjective), Bacteria (noun)
- Meaning: A substance used to kill or inhibit bacteria growth.
- Example: “This soap contains an antibacterial agent to fight germs.”
- Collocations: Effective antibacterial agent, use antibacterial agent, antibacterial properties
- Vietnamese: Chất kháng khuẩn
- Sound Link:
C2 (Proficient)
- Anthropological science
- Phonemic: /ˌæn.θrə.pəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl ˈsaɪ.əns/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Anthropology (noun), Anthropological (adjective), Anthropologist (noun)
- Meaning: The study of human societies, cultures, and their development.
- Example: “Anthropological science helps us understand ancient civilizations.”
- Collocations: Anthropological studies, scientific anthropology, cultural anthropology
- Vietnamese: Khoa học nhân học
- Sound Link:
- Infant mortality rate
- Phonemic: /ˈɪn.fənt mɔːˈtæl.ə.ti reɪt/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Infant (noun), Mortality (noun), Mortal (adjective)
- Meaning: The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.
- Example: “Efforts to reduce infant mortality rates have improved healthcare globally.”
- Collocations: High infant mortality, reduce infant mortality, mortality statistics
- Vietnamese: Tỷ lệ tử vong ở trẻ sơ sinh
- Sound Link:
- Market-driven economy
- Phonemic: /ˈmɑː.kɪt ˈdrɪv.ən ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Market (noun), Driven (adjective), Economic (adjective)
- Meaning: An economy in which supply and demand influence production, distribution, and pricing.
- Example: “A market-driven economy fosters innovation and competition.”
- Collocations: Competitive market economy, market-driven policies, dynamic economy
- Vietnamese: Nền kinh tế định hướng thị trường
- Sound Link:
- Labour-saving devices
- Phonemic: /ˈleɪ.bər ˈseɪ.vɪŋ dɪˈvaɪ.sɪz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Labour (noun), Saving (adjective/noun), Device (noun)
- Meaning: Machines or tools designed to reduce the amount of physical work needed.
- Example: “Modern labour-saving devices have revolutionized household chores.”
- Collocations: Use labour-saving devices, efficient devices, innovative devices
- Vietnamese: Thiết bị tiết kiệm lao động
- Sound Link:
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