IETLS Band 6.5 up

+ ACADEMIC VOCABULARIES 4

B1 (Intermediate)

  • Professor
    • Phonemic: /prəˈfes.ər/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Professorial (adjective), Profession (noun), Professional (adjective/noun)
    • Meaning: A teacher of the highest rank in a college or university.
    • Example: “The professor delivered an insightful lecture on environmental science.”
    • Collocations: Distinguished professor, assistant professor, become a professor
    • Vietnamese: Giáo sư
    • Sound Link:
  • Historians
    • Phonemic: /hɪˈstɔː.ri.ən/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: History (noun), Historical (adjective), Historic (adjective)
    • Meaning: A person who studies or writes about history.
    • Example: “Historians often debate the causes of revolutions.”
    • Collocations: Amateur historian, professional historian, historians agree
    • Vietnamese: Nhà sử học
    • Sound Link:
  • Technology
    • Phonemic: /tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Technological (adjective), Technologically (adverb), Technician (noun)
    • Meaning: The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
    • Example: “Technology has transformed the way we communicate.”
    • Collocations: Information technology, advanced technology, apply technology
    • Vietnamese: Công nghệ
    • Sound Link:
  • Transport
    • Phonemic: /ˈtræns.pɔːt/
    • Word Form: Noun, Verb
    • Word Family: Transportation (noun), Transportable (adjective)
    • Meaning: The movement of people or goods from one place to another.
    • Example: “Public transport is crucial for reducing carbon emissions.”
    • Collocations: Road transport, air transport, arrange transport
    • Vietnamese: Vận tải
    • Sound Link:
  • Population
    • Phonemic: /ˌpɒp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Populate (verb), Populous (adjective)
    • Meaning: All the inhabitants of a particular area or country.
    • Example: “The city’s population has grown significantly.”
    • Collocations: Urban population, rural population, increase population
    • Vietnamese: Dân số
    • Sound Link:
  • Cheap Labour
    • Phonemic: /tʃiːp ˈleɪ.bər/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Cheap (adjective), Labour (noun), Laborious (adjective)
    • Meaning: Workers who are paid very little for their labor.
    • Example: “The factory relies on cheap labour to remain competitive.”
    • Collocations: Affordable labour, exploit cheap labour, employ cheap labour
    • Vietnamese: Lao động giá rẻ
    • Sound Link:
  • Drinking
    • Phonemic: /ˈdrɪŋ.kɪŋ/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Drink (verb, noun), Drinker (noun), Drunk (adjective/noun)
    • Meaning: The act of consuming liquid, often referring to alcohol.
    • Example: “Excessive drinking can harm your health.”
    • Collocations: Heavy drinking, social drinking, avoid drinking
    • Vietnamese: Uống rượu bia
    • Sound Link:
  • Improve
    • Phonemic: /ɪmˈpruːv/
    • Word Form: Verb
    • Word Family: Improvement (noun), Improved (adjective)
    • Meaning: To make something better or become better.
    • Example: “The new teacher helped her students improve their grades.”
    • Collocations: Improve skills, improve performance, marginally improve
    • Vietnamese: Cải thiện
    • Sound Link:
  • Food
    • Phonemic: /fuːd/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Foodstuff (noun), Foodie (noun)
    • Meaning: Substances consumed for nutritional purposes.
    • Example: “The restaurant serves a variety of delicious food.”
    • Collocations: Organic food, fresh food, prepare food
    • Vietnamese: Thực phẩm
    • Sound Link:
  • Political
    • Phonemic: /pəˈlɪt.ɪ.kəl/
    • Word Form: Adjective
    • Word Family: Politics (noun), Politician (noun), Politically (adverb)
    • Meaning: Relating to the government or public affairs of a country.
    • Example: “Political stability is essential for economic growth.”
    • Collocations: Political crisis, political reform, engage in political activities
    • Vietnamese: Chính trị
    • Sound Link:

B2 (Upper-Intermediate)

  • Industry
    • Phonemic: /ˈɪn.də.stri/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Industrial (adjective), Industrialize (verb), Industrialization (noun)
    • Meaning: The production of goods in factories, especially on a large scale.
    • Example: “The tourism industry contributes significantly to the economy.”
    • Collocations: Manufacturing industry, booming industry, expand the industry
    • Vietnamese: Ngành công nghiệp
    • Sound Link:
  • Revolution
    • Phonemic: /ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Revolutionary (adjective), Revolutionize (verb), Revolt (verb)
    • Meaning: A significant change, often involving technology, society, or government.
    • Example: “The digital revolution has transformed communication worldwide.”
    • Collocations: Peaceful revolution, industrial revolution, spark a revolution
    • Vietnamese: Cuộc cách mạng
    • Sound Link:
  • Enigma
    • Phonemic: /ɪˈnɪɡ.mə/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Enigmatic (adjective)
    • Meaning: Something mysterious and difficult to understand or explain.
    • Example: “The cause of the mysterious fire remains an enigma.”
    • Collocations: Great enigma, enduring enigma, solve an enigma
    • Vietnamese: Điều bí ẩn
    • Sound Link:
  • Affluent
    • Phonemic: /ˈæf.lu.ənt/
    • Word Form: Adjective
    • Word Family: Affluence (noun)
    • Meaning: Having a lot of money or owning expensive things.
    • Example: “Affluent societies tend to have better access to healthcare.”
    • Collocations: Extremely affluent, relatively affluent, affluent families
    • Vietnamese: Giàu có, sung túc
    • Sound Link:
  • Factors
    • Phonemic: /ˈfæk.tərz/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Factorize (verb), Factorable (adjective)
    • Meaning: Elements that contribute to or influence the outcome of something.
    • Example: “Environmental factors play a crucial role in animal migration.”
    • Collocations: Key factor, contributing factors, several factors
    • Vietnamese: Yếu tố
    • Sound Link:
  • Properties
    • Phonemic: /ˈprɒp.ə.tiz/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Proprietary (adjective), Property (noun)
    • Meaning: Characteristics or features of something; possessions or land owned by someone.
    • Example: “The chemical properties of the material make it useful for construction.”
    • Collocations: Unique properties, valuable property, assess properties
    • Vietnamese: Tính chất, tài sản
    • Sound Link:
  • Mortality
    • Phonemic: /mɔːˈtæl.ə.ti/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Mortal (adjective), Immortality (noun)
    • Meaning: The condition of being subject to death; death rate in a population.
    • Example: “Mortality rates have declined thanks to advances in medicine.”
    • Collocations: Infant mortality, high mortality, reduce mortality
    • Vietnamese: Tỉ lệ tử vong
    • Sound Link:
  • Scepticism
    • Phonemic: /ˈskep.tɪ.sɪ.zəm/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Sceptical (adjective), Sceptic (noun)
    • Meaning: Doubt or disbelief regarding something’s reliability or truth.
    • Example: “Public scepticism about the new policy is increasing.”
    • Collocations: Healthy scepticism, widespread scepticism, express scepticism
    • Vietnamese: Sự hoài nghi
    • Sound Link:
  • Environmental Conditions
    • Phonemic: /ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl kənˈdɪʃ.ənz/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Environment (noun), Environmentalist (noun)
    • Meaning: Physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting organisms.
    • Example: “Environmental conditions are worsening due to deforestation.”
    • Collocations: Stable conditions, adverse conditions, improve conditions
    • Vietnamese: Điều kiện môi trường
    • Sound Link:
  • Static
    • Phonemic: /ˈstæt.ɪk/
    • Word Form: Adjective, Noun
    • Word Family: Statically (adverb)
    • Meaning: Not moving or changing; fixed.
    • Example: “The company’s revenue has remained static over the years.”
    • Collocations: Relatively static, completely static, remain static
    • Vietnamese: Tĩnh, không thay đổi
    • Sound Link:

C1 (Advanced)

  • Combination lock (metaphorical)
    • Phonemic: /ˌkɒm.bɪˈneɪ.ʃən lɒk/
    • Word Form: Noun (metaphorical use)
    • Word Family: Combination (noun), Combine (verb)
    • Meaning: Used metaphorically to describe a complex problem that requires specific steps or elements to solve.
    • Example: “Success can sometimes feel like solving a combination lock, needing all the right elements in place.”
    • Collocations: Unlock the combination, find the combination, complex combination lock
    • Vietnamese: Ổ khóa kết hợp (ẩn dụ để chỉ vấn đề phức tạp)
    • Sound Link:
  • Deduction
    • Phonemic: /dɪˈdʌk.ʃən/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Deductive (adjective), Deduce (verb)
    • Meaning: The process of reaching a conclusion based on evidence or reasoning.
    • Example: “Sherlock Holmes was famous for his remarkable skills of deduction.”
    • Collocations: Logical deduction, deduction method, reach a deduction
    • Vietnamese: Suy luận
    • Sound Link:
  • Economically efficient
    • Phonemic: /ˌek.əˈnɒm.ɪ.kəl.i ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/
    • Word Form: Adjective
    • Word Family: Economy (noun), Economical (adjective), Efficiency (noun)
    • Meaning: Achieving maximum productivity with minimal wasted resources.
    • Example: “Investing in renewable energy is economically efficient in the long term.”
    • Collocations: Economically efficient method, highly efficient, efficient use of resources
    • Vietnamese: Hiệu quả về kinh tế
    • Sound Link:
  • Antiseptic
    • Phonemic: /ˌæn.tɪˈsep.tɪk/
    • Word Form: Noun, Adjective
    • Word Family: Antiseptically (adverb), Septic (adjective)
    • Meaning: A substance that prevents infection by killing bacteria or germs.
    • Example: “The nurse applied an antiseptic to the wound to prevent infection.”
    • Collocations: Use antiseptic, antiseptic properties, antiseptic solution
    • Vietnamese: Chất sát trùng
    • Sound Link:
  • Prevalence
    • Phonemic: /ˈprev.əl.əns/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Prevalent (adjective), Prevail (verb)
    • Meaning: The state of being widespread or common.
    • Example: “The prevalence of internet usage has changed how we communicate.”
    • Collocations: High prevalence, increasing prevalence, prevalence rate
    • Vietnamese: Sự phổ biến
    • Sound Link:
  • Coincidence
    • Phonemic: /kəʊˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Coincidental (adjective), Coincidentally (adverb)
    • Meaning: A situation where two or more events happen at the same time by chance.
    • Example: “It was a sheer coincidence that we met at the same café.”
    • Collocations: Sheer coincidence, pure coincidence, strange coincidence
    • Vietnamese: Sự trùng hợp
    • Sound Link:
  • Sanitation
    • Phonemic: /ˌsæn.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Sanitary (adjective), Sanitization (noun), Sanitize (verb)
    • Meaning: Measures to protect public health, especially by providing clean water and waste disposal.
    • Example: “Improving sanitation can significantly reduce disease outbreaks.”
    • Collocations: Basic sanitation, improve sanitation, sanitation facilities
    • Vietnamese: Vệ sinh công cộng
    • Sound Link:
  • Antibacterial agent
    • Phonemic: /ˌæn.ti.bækˈtɪə.ri.əl ˈeɪ.dʒənt/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Antibacterial (adjective), Bacteria (noun)
    • Meaning: A substance used to kill or inhibit bacteria growth.
    • Example: “This soap contains an antibacterial agent to fight germs.”
    • Collocations: Effective antibacterial agent, use antibacterial agent, antibacterial properties
    • Vietnamese: Chất kháng khuẩn
    • Sound Link:

C2 (Proficient)

  • Anthropological science
    • Phonemic: /ˌæn.θrə.pəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl ˈsaɪ.əns/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Anthropology (noun), Anthropological (adjective), Anthropologist (noun)
    • Meaning: The study of human societies, cultures, and their development.
    • Example: “Anthropological science helps us understand ancient civilizations.”
    • Collocations: Anthropological studies, scientific anthropology, cultural anthropology
    • Vietnamese: Khoa học nhân học
    • Sound Link:
  • Infant mortality rate
    • Phonemic: /ˈɪn.fənt mɔːˈtæl.ə.ti reɪt/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Infant (noun), Mortality (noun), Mortal (adjective)
    • Meaning: The number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.
    • Example: “Efforts to reduce infant mortality rates have improved healthcare globally.”
    • Collocations: High infant mortality, reduce infant mortality, mortality statistics
    • Vietnamese: Tỷ lệ tử vong ở trẻ sơ sinh
    • Sound Link:
  • Market-driven economy
    • Phonemic: /ˈmɑː.kɪt ˈdrɪv.ən ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi/
    • Word Form: Noun
    • Word Family: Market (noun), Driven (adjective), Economic (adjective)
    • Meaning: An economy in which supply and demand influence production, distribution, and pricing.
    • Example: “A market-driven economy fosters innovation and competition.”
    • Collocations: Competitive market economy, market-driven policies, dynamic economy
    • Vietnamese: Nền kinh tế định hướng thị trường
    • Sound Link:
  • Labour-saving devices
    • Phonemic: /ˈleɪ.bər ˈseɪ.vɪŋ dɪˈvaɪ.sɪz/
    • Word Form: Noun (plural)
    • Word Family: Labour (noun), Saving (adjective/noun), Device (noun)
    • Meaning: Machines or tools designed to reduce the amount of physical work needed.
    • Example: “Modern labour-saving devices have revolutionized household chores.”
    • Collocations: Use labour-saving devices, efficient devices, innovative devices
    • Vietnamese: Thiết bị tiết kiệm lao động
    • Sound Link:

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