🔵 B1 Level Vocabulary

1. Drought

• Phonemic Sound: /draʊt/
• Word Form: noun
• Word Family: droughts (plural)
• Meaning: A long period without rain that causes water shortages.
• Contextual Example: The crops failed because of the severe drought.
• Collocation: prolonged drought, severe drought
• Vietnamese Definition: Hạn hán
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2. Burn down

• Phonemic Sound: /bɜːn daʊn/
• Word Form: phrasal verb
• Meaning: To destroy a building or structure by fire.
• Contextual Example: The old warehouse burned down in the fire last night.
• Collocation: completely burn down
• Vietnamese Definition: Cháy rụi
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3. Catch fire

• Phonemic Sound: /kætʃ ˈfaɪə/
• Word Form: phrasal verb
• Meaning: To start burning.
• Contextual Example: The curtains caught fire when the candle fell over.
• Collocation: suddenly catch fire
• Vietnamese Definition: Bắt lửa
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4. Spread (fire)

• Phonemic Sound: /spred/
• Word Form: verb
• Word Family: spreading, spreads, spread (past tense)
• Meaning: To move or extend to cover a larger area.
• Contextual Example: The fire spread quickly because of the strong winds.
• Collocation: spread rapidly
• Vietnamese Definition: Lan rộng
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5. Residential

• Phonemic Sound: /ˌrezɪˈdenʃl/
• Word Form: adjective
• Word Family: residence, resident, residentially
• Meaning: Relating to places where people live.
• Contextual Example: The fire started near a residential area.
• Collocation: residential neighborhood, residential zone
• Vietnamese Definition: Khu dân cư
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6. Evacuation

• Phonemic Sound: /ɪˌvækjʊˈeɪʃn/
• Word Form: noun
• Word Family: evacuate (verb), evacuations (plural)
• Meaning: The act of moving people away from a dangerous area.
• Contextual Example: The evacuation of the town was necessary due to the wildfire.
• Collocation: mass evacuation
• Vietnamese Definition: Sự sơ tán
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7. Measures (e.g., safety measures)

• Phonemic Sound: /ˈmeʒəz/
• Word Form: noun (plural)
• Word Family: measure (singular), measured (past tense)
• Meaning: Actions taken to achieve a particular purpose, especially to improve safety.
• Contextual Example: New safety measures have been introduced to prevent fires.
• Collocation: safety measures, effective measures
• Vietnamese Definition: Biện pháp
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🔵 B1 Level Phrasal Verbs

1. Catch fire

• Phonemic Sound: /kætʃ ˈfaɪə/
• Word Form: phrasal verb
• Meaning: To begin burning due to exposure to heat or flames.
• Contextual Example: The dry leaves caught fire quickly after being exposed to sparks.
• Collocation: suddenly catch fire
• Vietnamese Definition: Bắt lửa
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2. Burn down

• Phonemic Sound: /bɜːn daʊn/
• Word Form: phrasal verb
• Meaning: To destroy a building or structure completely by fire.
• Contextual Example: The old cottage burned down due to a lightning strike.
• Collocation: completely burn down
• Vietnamese Definition: Cháy rụi
• 🔊 Listen Here: Play sound

🔵 B2 Level Vocabulary

1. Expansion

• Phonemic Sound: /ɪkˈspænʃn/
• Word Form: noun
• Word Family: expand (verb), expanded (adjective), expansive (adjective)
• Meaning: The process of becoming larger or more extensive.
• Contextual Example: The rapid expansion of the city has led to the clearing of forests.
• Collocation: rapid expansion, territorial expansion
• Vietnamese Definition: Sự mở rộng
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2. Containing (the flames)

• Phonemic Sound: /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/
• Word Form: verb (present participle)
• Word Family: contain (verb), containment (noun)
• Meaning: To prevent something harmful from spreading further.
• Contextual Example: Firefighters worked hard on containing the flames near the residential area.
• Collocation: contain the fire, containment strategy
• Vietnamese Definition: Kiểm soát (ngọn lửa)
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3. Intensity

• Phonemic Sound: /ɪnˈten.sɪ.ti/
• Word Form: noun
• Word Family: intense (adjective), intensify (verb), intensely (adverb)
• Meaning: The degree of strength or force something has.
• Contextual Example: The intensity of the fire made it difficult to approach safely.
• Collocation: high intensity, reduce intensity
• Vietnamese Definition: Cường độ
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4. Underbrush

• Phonemic Sound: /ˈʌndəbrʌʃ/
• Word Form: noun
• Word Family: underbrushes (plural)
• Meaning: Small trees, bushes, and plants that grow under larger trees in a forest.
• Contextual Example: The fire started in the underbrush and spread quickly through the forest.
• Collocation: dense underbrush
• Vietnamese Definition: Bụi cây thấp
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5. Fire-prone

• Phonemic Sound: /ˈfaɪə prəʊn/
• Word Form: adjective
• Meaning: Likely or vulnerable to catching fire.
• Contextual Example: The region is fire-prone due to its dry climate.
• Collocation: fire-prone regions
• Vietnamese Definition: Dễ bị cháy
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6. Responsive

• Phonemic Sound: /rɪˈspɒnsɪv/
• Word Form: adjective
• Word Family: respond (verb), response (noun)
• Meaning: Reacting quickly and positively to situations or stimuli.
• Contextual Example: Authorities need to be more responsive to fire emergencies.
• Collocation: highly responsive, responsive authorities
• Vietnamese Definition: Có khả năng ứng phó nhanh
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7. Building codes

• Phonemic Sound: /ˈbɪldɪŋ kəʊdz/
• Word Form: noun (plural)
• Meaning: Regulations or standards set for the construction of buildings.
• Contextual Example: Modern building codes are designed to minimize fire risks.
• Collocation: strict building codes
• Vietnamese Definition: Quy chuẩn xây dựng
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8. High marks (figurative)

• Phonemic Sound: /haɪ mɑːks/
• Word Form: idiomatic phrase
• Meaning: Praise or approval for something done well.
• Contextual Example: The fire department received high marks for their quick response.
• Collocation: earn high marks
• Vietnamese Definition: Đánh giá cao
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🔵 B2 Level Idioms & Phrasal Verbs

1. In place

• Phonemic Sound: /ɪn pleɪs/
• Meaning: Functioning or ready for use.
• Contextual Example: Safety measures have been put in place to reduce fire risks.
• Collocation: put measures in place
• Vietnamese Definition: Được thực hiện sẵn
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2. Build up (e.g., fuel, homes)

• Phonemic Sound: /bɪld ʌp/
• Meaning: To increase or accumulate.
• Contextual Example: Dry leaves can build up in underbrush areas, creating fire hazards.
• Collocation: fuel build-up
• Vietnamese Definition: Tích lũy
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3. Come through with (e.g., support)

• Phonemic Sound: /kʌm θruː wɪð/
• Meaning: To provide or deliver what is needed or expected.
• Contextual Example: The government came through with additional funding for fire prevention.
• Collocation: come through with funding
• Vietnamese Definition: Cung cấp đủ
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4. Meet challenges

• Phonemic Sound: /miːt ˈtʃælɪndʒɪz/
• Meaning: To successfully address or deal with difficulties.
• Contextual Example: Firefighters work hard to meet challenges during large-scale blazes.
• Collocation: effectively meet challenges
• Vietnamese Definition: Đương đầu thử thách
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5. Catch fire (literal and figurative use)

• Phonemic Sound: /kætʃ ˈfaɪə/
• Meaning: To start burning (literal) or gain popularity (figurative).
• Contextual Example: The idea caught fire among environmental activists.
• Collocation: suddenly catch fire
• Vietnamese Definition: (1) Bắt lửa (2) Nổi tiếng
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🟣 C1 Level Vocabulary

1. Oversupply

• Phonemic Sound: /ˌəʊ.və.səˈplaɪ/
• Word Form: noun
• Word Family: supply (noun/verb), oversupplied (adjective)
• Meaning: A situation where more of something is available than needed.
• Contextual Example: The oversupply of resources led to waste during the wildfire response.
• Collocation: oversupply of goods
• Vietnamese Definition: Sự cung cấp quá mức
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2. Menace

• Phonemic Sound: /ˈmen.ɪs/
• Word Form: noun, verb
• Word Family: menacing (adjective), menacingly (adverb)
• Meaning: A threat or danger.
• Contextual Example: The wildfire posed a serious menace to the nearby villages.
• Collocation: a growing menace
• Vietnamese Definition: Mối đe dọa
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3. Blazes

• Phonemic Sound: /ˈbleɪzɪz/
• Word Form: noun (plural), verb
• Word Family: blaze (singular), blazing (adjective)
• Meaning: Large and intense fires.
• Contextual Example: Firefighters worked tirelessly to control the blazes in the forest.
• Collocation: raging blazes
• Vietnamese Definition: Đám cháy dữ dội
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4. Preparedness

• Phonemic Sound: /prɪˈpeərədnəs/
• Word Form: noun
• Word Family: prepare (verb), prepared (adjective)
• Meaning: The state of being ready for something.
• Contextual Example: Community preparedness made a significant difference during the wildfire season.
• Collocation: emergency preparedness
• Vietnamese Definition: Sự chuẩn bị sẵn sàng
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5. Acreage

• Phonemic Sound: /ˈeɪ.krɪdʒ/
• Word Form: noun
• Meaning: Land measured in acres.
• Contextual Example: Wildfires burned through 500 acres of farmland overnight.
• Collocation: large acreage
• Vietnamese Definition: Diện tích đất
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6. Precipitation

• Phonemic Sound: /prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/
• Word Form: noun
• Word Family: precipitate (verb), precipitation (noun)
• Meaning: Water falling from the sky as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
• Contextual Example: Low precipitation levels contributed to the risk of wildfires.
• Collocation: heavy precipitation
• Vietnamese Definition: Lượng mưa
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7. Eradication

• Phonemic Sound: /ɪˌrædɪˈkeɪʃən/
• Word Form: noun
• Word Family: eradicate (verb), eradicating (gerund)
• Meaning: The complete removal or destruction of something harmful.
• Contextual Example: The eradication of wildfires required coordinated efforts.
• Collocation: fire eradication
• Vietnamese Definition: Sự tiêu diệt
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8. Jurisdiction

• Phonemic Sound: /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃn/
• Word Form: noun
• Word Family: jurisdictions (plural)
• Meaning: The authority to enforce laws or manage a specific area.
• Contextual Example: The wildfire fell under the jurisdiction of state agencies.
• Collocation: legal jurisdiction
• Vietnamese Definition: Thẩm quyền
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9. Infrastructure

• Phonemic Sound: /ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃə/
• Word Form: noun
• Word Family: infrastructures (plural)
• Meaning: The basic physical systems needed for society, like roads and buildings.
• Contextual Example: Poor infrastructure made it difficult to respond to the wildfire quickly.
• Collocation: modern infrastructure
• Vietnamese Definition: Cơ sở hạ tầng
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10. Proactive

• Phonemic Sound: /prəʊˈæktɪv/
• Word Form: adjective
• Word Family: proactively (adverb)
• Meaning: Taking action in anticipation of future problems.
• Contextual Example: Proactive measures were taken to prevent wildfires.
• Collocation: proactive steps
• Vietnamese Definition: Chủ động
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11. Siege fires (metaphorical)

• Phonemic Sound: /siːdʒ ˈfaɪəz/
• Word Form: noun (metaphor)
• Meaning: Overwhelming wildfires that persist over time, likened to a military siege.
• Contextual Example: The siege fires destroyed much of the forest and threatened nearby towns.
• Vietnamese Definition: Đám cháy lớn kéo dài (ẩn dụ về cuộc bao vây quân sự)
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12. Bungling

• Phonemic Sound: /ˈbʌŋɡlɪŋ/
• Word Form: noun, adjective
• Word Family: bungle (verb)
• Meaning: Handling a situation incompetently.
• Contextual Example: Bungling evacuation plans led to chaos during the wildfire crisis.
• Collocation: bungling actions
• Vietnamese Definition: Làm việc cẩu thả
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13. Commitment

• Phonemic Sound: /kəˈmɪtmənt/
• Word Form: noun
• Word Family: commit (verb), committed (adjective)
• Meaning: Dedication or a promise to achieve something.
• Contextual Example: The government’s commitment to wildfire prevention was commendable.
• Collocation: unwavering commitment
• Vietnamese Definition: Sự cam kết
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14. Procurement

• Phonemic Sound: /prəˈkjʊəmənt/
• Word Form: noun
• Word Family: procure (verb)
• Meaning: The process of obtaining goods or services, especially for official purposes.
• Contextual Example: The procurement of equipment helped firefighters handle the blaze effectively.
• Collocation: efficient procurement
• Vietnamese Definition: Sự mua sắm
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15. Scorched

• Phonemic Sound: /skɔːtʃt/
• Word Form: adjective
• Word Family: scorch (verb)
• Meaning: Burned or dried by heat.
• Contextual Example: The scorched earth showed the devastating impact of the wildfire.
• Collocation: scorched landscape
• Vietnamese Definition: Bị cháy sém
• 🔊 Listen Here: [Play sound](https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pron

🟣 C1 Level Idioms & Figurative Language

1. Stung by criticism

• Phonemic Sound: /stʌŋ baɪ ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/
• Meaning: To feel hurt or affected by negative feedback or remarks.
• Contextual Example: The fire department was stung by criticism after failing to act quickly during the wildfire emergency.
• Vietnamese Definition: Bị tổn thương bởi sự chỉ trích
• 🔊 Listen Here: Play sound

2. Come through with (support or promises)

• Phonemic Sound: /kʌm θruː wɪð/
• Meaning: To deliver or fulfill something that was promised or expected.
• Contextual Example: The local government came through with financial aid for wildfire victims.
• Vietnamese Definition: Thực hiện cam kết hoặc cung cấp sự hỗ trợ
• 🔊 Listen Here: Play sound

3. Like building homes on the side of an active volcano (simile/analogy)

• Phonemic Sound: /laɪk ˈbɪldɪŋ həʊmz ɒn ə ˈæktɪv vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/
• Meaning: A comparison to highlight the extreme risk of an action, suggesting danger or inevitability of disaster.
• Contextual Example: Constructing homes in wildfire-prone areas is like building homes on the side of an active volcano.
• Vietnamese Definition: Giống như xây nhà cạnh núi lửa hoạt động (ẩn dụ rủi ro cao)
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4. Halt the natural eradication (conceptual phrase)

• Phonemic Sound: /hɒlt ðə ˈnætʃərəl ˌɛrəˈdeɪʃən/
• Meaning: Stopping or preventing the natural process of removing or eliminating something (often harmful).
• Contextual Example: Intervening too early might halt the natural eradication of small fires that clear underbrush.
• Vietnamese Definition: Ngăn chặn quá trình tiêu diệt tự nhiên
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5. Siege fires (metaphorical use of “siege”)

• Phonemic Sound: /siːdʒ ˈfaɪəz/
• Meaning: A metaphor describing overwhelming, prolonged wildfires that are difficult to contain, resembling a military siege.
• Contextual Example: The siege fires destroyed entire communities over several weeks.
• Vietnamese Definition: Đám cháy lớn kéo dài (nghĩa bóng cuộc bao vây quân sự)
• 🔊 Listen Here: Play sound

🔴 C2 Level Vocabulary

1. Erratically

• Phonemic Sound: /ɪˈrætɪkli/
• Word Form: adverb
• Word Family: erratic (adjective), erraticism (noun)
• Meaning: In a way that is irregular, unpredictable, or not consistent.
• Contextual Example: The wildfire spread erratically due to sudden changes in wind direction.
• Collocation: move erratically, behave erratically
• Vietnamese Definition: Một cách thất thường
• 🔊 Listen Here: Play sound

2. Serpentine (e.g., serpentine canyon roads)

• Phonemic Sound: /ˈsɜːpəntaɪn/
• Word Form: adjective
• Word Family: serpent (noun)
• Meaning: Having many curves or turns, like a snake’s movement.
• Contextual Example: Firefighters navigated the serpentine canyon roads to reach the wildfire zone.
• Collocation: serpentine roads, serpentine paths
• Vietnamese Definition: Uốn lượn, quanh co
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3. Traverse

• Phonemic Sound: /trəˈvɜːs/
• Word Form: verb
• Word Family: traversing (gerund), traversal (noun)
• Meaning: To travel across or through something.
• Contextual Example: Emergency crews had to traverse rough terrain to reach the fire’s edge.
• Collocation: traverse terrain, traverse mountains
• Vietnamese Definition: Đi qua, vượt qua
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4. Revamped

• Phonemic Sound: /riːˈvæmpt/
• Word Form: adjective, verb (past tense)
• Word Family: revamp (verb), revamping (gerund)
• Meaning: Improved or changed to make something better or more modern.
• Contextual Example: The emergency response system was revamped after last year’s wildfire season.
• Collocation: revamped system, revamped structure
• Vietnamese Definition: Được cải tiến, đổi mới
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5. Mammoth (used figuratively for “very large”)

• Phonemic Sound: /ˈmæm.əθ/
• Word Form: adjective, noun
• Word Family: mammoth-sized (adjective)
• Meaning: Exceptionally large or huge.
• Contextual Example: Controlling the mammoth blaze required hundreds of firefighters and resources.
• Collocation: mammoth task, mammoth effort
• Vietnamese Definition: Khổng lồ
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6. Communications procedures (formal term)

• Phonemic Sound: /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃənz prəˈsiːdʒəz/
• Word Form: noun phrase
• Word Family: communicate (verb), communicator (noun)
• Meaning: Official processes for transmitting information effectively.
• Contextual Example: The team relied on precise communications procedures to coordinate firefighting efforts.
• Collocation: establish communications procedures, follow communications procedures
• Vietnamese Definition: Quy trình truyền thông
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7. Extraordinary (in “extraordinarily impressed”)

• Phonemic Sound: /ɪkˈstrɔːdnəri/
• Word Form: adjective, adverb (extraordinarily)
• Word Family: ordinary (adjective), extraordinary (adjective), extraordinarily (adverb)
• Meaning: Very unusual or remarkable.
• Contextual Example: The firefighters’ extraordinary efforts left the community extraordinarily impressed.
• Collocation: extraordinary achievement, extraordinarily difficult
• Vietnamese Definition: Phi thường
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