IETLS Band 6.5 up

ACADEMIC VOCABULARIES 1

Intermediate LeveL

Fundamental

  • Phonemic: /ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.t̬əl/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: Fundamentally (adverb), Fundamentals (noun)
  • Meaning: Basic and essential for something’s existence or success.
  • Example: Trust is fundamental in any relationship.
  • Collocations: fundamental principle, fundamental issue, fundamental difference
  • Vietnamese: Cơ bản, cốt yếu
  • Sound Link:

Restoration

  • Phonemic: /ˌres.tərˈeɪ.ʃən/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Restore (verb), Restorative (adjective)
  • Meaning: The act of returning something to its original state.
  • Example: The restoration of the castle took several years.
  • Collocations: restoration project, restoration work, restoration effort
  • Vietnamese: Sự phục hồi
  • Sound Link:

Neglected

  • Phonemic: /nɪˈɡlek.tɪd/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: Neglect (verb/noun), Negligence (noun), Negligent (adjective)
  • Meaning: Not receiving enough care or attention.
  • Example: The neglected garden was overgrown with weeds.
  • Collocations: neglected child, neglected area, neglected building
  • Vietnamese: Bị bỏ quên, sao lãng
  • Sound Link:

Recent

  • Phonemic: /ˈriː.sənt/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: Recently (adverb), Recency (noun)
  • Meaning: Happening or existing not long ago.
  • Example: The recent increase in prices has affected many families.
  • Collocations: recent developments, recent history, recent news
  • Vietnamese: Gần đây
  • Sound Link:

Inhabitants

  • Phonemic: /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənts/
  • Word Form: Noun (plural)
  • Word Family: Inhabit (verb), Habitat (noun), Inhabited (adjective)
  • Meaning: The people or animals living in a particular place.
  • Example: The island’s inhabitants rely on fishing for their livelihood.
  • Collocations: local inhabitants, native inhabitants, rural inhabitants
  • Vietnamese: Dân cư
  • Sound Link:

Clean

  • Phonemic: /kliːn/
  • Word Form: Adjective/Verb
  • Word Family: Cleaner (noun), Cleaning (noun/gerund), Cleanliness (noun)
  • Meaning: Free from dirt or impurities.
  • Example: The floors are clean after being mopped.
  • Collocations: clean energy, clean air, clean water
  • Vietnamese: Sạch sẽ
  • Sound Link:

Fresh

  • Phonemic: /freʃ/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: Freshness (noun), Freshly (adverb)
  • Meaning: Newly made, obtained, or experienced.
  • Example: The bakery sells fresh bread every morning.
  • Collocations: fresh air, fresh water, fresh start
  • Vietnamese: Tươi, mới
  • Sound Link:

Irrigation

  • Phonemic: /ˌɪr.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Irrigate (verb), Irrigated (adjective)
  • Meaning: The supply of water to crops or land for agriculture.
  • Example: Irrigation is crucial for farming in dry areas.
  • Collocations: irrigation system, irrigation project, irrigation techniques
  • Vietnamese: Sự tưới tiêu
  • Sound Link:

Gathering

  • Phonemic: /ˈɡæð.ər.ɪŋ/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Gather (verb), Gatherer (noun)
  • Meaning: A group of people assembled for a purpose.
  • Example: A gathering of friends met at the park.
  • Collocations: family gathering, social gathering, data gathering
  • Vietnamese: Cuộc tụ họp
  • Sound Link:

 Leisure

  • Phonemic: /ˈliːʒər/ or /ˈleʒər/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Leisurely (adjective/adverb)
  • Meaning: Time spent relaxing or doing things you enjoy.
  • Example: He enjoys reading novels in his leisure time.
  • Collocations: leisure time, leisure activities, leisure centre
  • Vietnamese: Thời gian rảnh rỗi
  • Sound Link:

Worship

  • Phonemic: /ˈwɜːʃɪp/
  • Word Form: Noun/Verb
  • Word Family: Worshipper (noun), Worshipped (adjective)
  • Meaning: Reverence or devotion shown to a deity.
  • Example: Many people gathered at the temple to worship.
  • Collocations: public worship, worship service, religious worship
  • Vietnamese: Thờ cúng
  • Sound Link:

Survival

  • Phonemic: /səˈvaɪ.vəl/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Survive (verb), Survivor (noun), Surviving (adjective)
  • Meaning: The fact of continuing to live or exist.
  • Example: The survival of endangered species depends on conservation efforts.
  • Collocations: survival rate, survival strategy, fight for survival
  • Vietnamese: Sự sống sót
  • Sound Link:

Passage

  • Phonemic: /ˈpæs.ɪdʒ/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Pass (verb), Passing (noun), Passable (adjective)
  • Meaning: A narrow way or corridor connecting places, or a portion of text.
  • Example: We walked through a dark passage to reach the main hall.
  • Collocations: passage of time, narrow passage, text passage
  • Vietnamese: Lối đi, đoạn văn
  • Sound Link:

Pillars

  • Phonemic: /ˈpɪl.ərz/
  • Word Form: Noun (plural)
  • Word Family: Pillar (singular)
  • Meaning: Vertical structures of stone, wood, or metal supporting a building.
  • Example: The ancient temple is held up by large stone pillars.
  • Collocations: stone pillars, central pillar, key pillar
  • Vietnamese: Trụ cột
  • Sound Link:

Shelter

  • Phonemic: /ˈʃel.tər/
  • Word Form: Noun/Verb
  • Word Family: Sheltered (adjective), Shelterless (adjective)
  • Meaning: A structure providing protection or a place of safety.
  • Example: The cave provided shelter from the storm.
  • Collocations: emergency shelter, animal shelter, sheltered life
  • Vietnamese: Chỗ trú ẩn
  • Sound Link:

Decorative

  • Phonemic: /ˈdek.ər.ə.tɪv/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: Decoration (noun), Decorate (verb), Decorator (noun)
  • Meaning: Intended to look attractive or beautiful.
  • Example: The room was filled with decorative flowers for the wedding.
  • Collocations: decorative items, decorative purposes, decorative arts
  • Vietnamese: Mang tính trang trí
  • Sound Link:

Features

  • Phonemic: /ˈfiː.tʃərz/
  • Word Form: Noun (plural)
  • Word Family: Feature (singular), Featured (adjective)
  • Meaning: Distinctive parts or characteristics of something.
  • Example: The phone has advanced features like facial recognition.
  • Collocations: unique features, special features, facial features
  • Vietnamese: Đặc điểm
  • Sound Link:

Monuments

  • Phonemic: /ˈmɒn.jə.mənts/
  • Word Form: Noun (plural)
  • Word Family: Monumental (adjective)
  • Meaning: Structures built to honor a person, event, or historical place.
  • Example: The pyramids are among the world’s most famous monuments.
  • Collocations: historical monument, cultural monument, ancient monument
  • Vietnamese: Di tích, công trình tưởng niệm
  • Sound Link:

Sources

  • Phonemic: /sɔːrsɪz/
  • Word Form: Noun (plural)
  • Word Family: Source (singular)
  • Meaning: The origin of something or where something comes from.
  • Example: The internet is a great source of information.
  • Collocations: reliable sources, primary sources, energy sources
  • Vietnamese: Nguồn gốc
  • Sound Link:

Upper-Intermediate Level

Architecturally

  • Phonemic: /ˌɑːrkɪˈtek.tʃər.əl.i/
  • Word Form: Adverb
  • Word Family: Architect (noun), Architecture (noun), Architectural (adjective)
  • Meaning: Related to the design, style, or construction of buildings.
  • Example: The museum is architecturally unique.
  • Collocations: architecturally significant, architecturally complex, architecturally designed
  • Vietnamese: Về mặt kiến trúc
  • Sound Link:

Complex

  • Phonemic: /ˈkɒm.pleks/ or /kəmˈpleks/
  • Word Form: Adjective/Noun
  • Word Family: Complexity (noun), Complexly (adverb)
  • Meaning: Having many interconnected parts; complicated.
  • Example: The problem was too complex to solve quickly.
  • Collocations: complex issue, complex system, highly complex
  • Vietnamese: Phức tạp
  • Sound Link:

Utilitarian

  • Phonemic: /ˌjuː.tɪ.lɪˈteə.ri.ən/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: Utility (noun), Utilise (verb), Utilisation (noun)
  • Meaning: Designed to be practical rather than decorative.
  • Example: The design of the building is strictly utilitarian, prioritizing function over form.
  • Collocations: utilitarian design, utilitarian purpose, utilitarian approach
  • Vietnamese: Hướng đến thực dụng
  • Sound Link:

Elaborate

  • Phonemic: /ɪˈlæb.ər.ət/ (adjective) or /ɪˈlæb.ə.reɪt/ (verb)
  • Word Form: Adjective/Verb
  • Word Family: Elaboration (noun), Elaborately (adverb)
  • Meaning: Adjective: Involving many details or parts. Verb: To explain something in detail.
  • Example: The architect presented an elaborate design.
  • Collocations: elaborate detail, elaborate explanation, elaborate design
  • Vietnamese: Chi tiết, tỉ mỉ
  • Sound Link:

Relentless

  • Phonemic: /rɪˈlent.ləs/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: Relentlessly (adverb), Relentlessness (noun)
  • Meaning: Continuing without becoming weaker or stopping.
  • Example: The team worked with relentless dedication to finish the project on time.
  • Collocations: relentless effort, relentless pursuit, relentless determination
  • Vietnamese: Không ngừng nghỉ, kiên cường
  • Sound Link:

Sculptures

  • Phonemic: /ˈskʌlp.tʃərz/
  • Word Form: Noun (plural)
  • Word Family: Sculpture (singular noun), Sculptor (noun), Sculpt (verb)
  • Meaning: Three-dimensional works of art created by carving or shaping materials.
  • Example: The gallery displayed stunning sculptures from the Renaissance period.
  • Collocations: stone sculptures, bronze sculptures, intricate sculptures
  • Vietnamese: Tác phẩm điêu khắc
  • Sound Link:

Depicting

  • Phonemic: /dɪˈpɪkt.ɪŋ/
  • Word Form: Verb (present participle)
  • Word Family: Depict (verb), Depiction (noun)
  • Meaning: To show or represent something in a picture, drawing, or other art form.
  • Example: The mural is depicting scenes from everyday life in the village.
  • Collocations: depicting emotions, depicting history, depicting daily life
  • Vietnamese: Miêu tả, khắc họa
  • Sound Link:

Industrial

  • Phonemic: /ɪnˈdʌs.tri.əl/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: Industry (noun), Industrialist (noun), Industrialised (adjective)
  • Meaning: Related to or involving industry, factories, or manufacturing.
  • Example: The city has a strong industrial base.
  • Collocations: industrial revolution, industrial area, industrial production
  • Vietnamese: Thuộc về công nghiệp
  • Sound Link:

Drought

  • Phonemic: /draʊt/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Drought-prone (adjective)
  • Meaning: A long period of time when there is little or no rain.
  • Example: The region is suffering from a severe drought.
  • Collocations: severe drought, prolonged drought, drought conditions
  • Vietnamese: Hạn hán
  • Sound Link:

 Recognised

  • Phonemic: /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪzd/
  • Word Form: Verb (past tense)/Adjective
  • Word Family: Recognise (verb), Recognition (noun), Recognisable (adjective)
  • Meaning: Identified or acknowledged as important or true.
  • Example: She is widely recognised for her contributions to science.
  • Collocations: recognised authority, widely recognised, internationally recognised
  • Vietnamese: Được công nhận
  • Sound Link:

Ornate

  • Phonemic: /ɔːˈneɪt/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: Ornaments (noun), Ornamental (adjective)
  • Meaning: Decorated in a detailed and fancy way.
  • Example: The ornate ceiling was covered in intricate carvings.
  • Collocations: ornate design, ornate decoration, ornate building
  • Vietnamese: Trang trí công phu
  • Sound Link:

Pavilions

  • Phonemic: /pəˈvɪl.jənz/
  • Word Form: Noun (plural)
  • Word Family: Pavilion (singular noun)
  • Meaning: A light structure often used for shelter or entertainment.
  • Example: The park was filled with beautiful pavilions for picnics.
  • Collocations: garden pavilions, outdoor pavilions, exhibition pavilions
  • Vietnamese: Đình, nhà vòm
  • Sound Link:

Reservoir

  • Phonemic: /ˈrez.ə.vwɑːr/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Reservoirs (plural)
  • Meaning: A natural or artificial lake for storing water.
  • Example: The reservoir provides water to the entire city.
  • Collocations: water reservoir, natural reservoir, underground reservoir
  • Vietnamese: Hồ chứa nước
  • Sound Link:

Formation

  • Phonemic: /fɔːrˈmeɪ.ʃən/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Form (noun/verb), Formative (adjective), Formed (adjective)
  • Meaning: The process of coming together or taking shape.
  • Example: The rock formations were created millions of years ago.
  • Collocations: rock formation, cloud formation, team formation
  • Vietnamese: Sự hình thành
  • Sound Link:

Renowned

  • Phonemic: /rɪˈnaʊnd/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: Renown (noun)
  • Meaning: Famous or widely known and admired.
  • Example: The artist is renowned for her abstract paintings.
  • Collocations: world-renowned, internationally renowned, renowned author
  • Vietnamese: Nổi tiếng, lừng danh
  • Sound Link:

 Advanced Level

Millennium

  • Phonemic: /mɪˈlen.i.əm/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Millennia (plural noun)
  • Meaning: A period of 1,000 years.
  • Example: The temple has stood for more than a millennium.
  • Collocations: new millennium, over a millennium, millennium celebrations
  • Vietnamese: Thiên niên kỷ
  • Sound Link:

Spectacular

  • Phonemic: /spekˈtæk.jə.lər/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: Spectacle (noun), Spectacularly (adverb)
  • Meaning: Extremely impressive or visually striking.
  • Example: The view of the mountains was truly spectacular.
  • Collocations: spectacular scenery, spectacular success, spectacular fireworks
  • Vietnamese: Hùng vĩ, ngoạn mục
  • Sound Link:

Bygone

  • Phonemic: /ˈbaɪ.ɡɒn/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: None
  • Meaning: Belonging to a past time.
  • Example: The museum contains relics of a bygone era.
  • Collocations: bygone times, bygone age, bygone days
  • Vietnamese: Đã qua, quá khứ
  • Sound Link:

Aquifer

  • Phonemic: /ˈæk.wɪ.fər/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Aquifers (plural noun)
  • Meaning: An underground layer of water-bearing rock or soil.
  • Example: The aquifer provides clean drinking water to the region.
  • Collocations: natural aquifer, underground aquifer, sustainable aquifer
  • Vietnamese: Tầng ngậm nước
  • Sound Link:

Crater

  • Phonemic: /ˈkreɪ.tər/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Craters (plural noun), Cratered (adjective)
  • Meaning: A round depression in the ground, often caused by an impact or explosion.
  • Example: The volcano left a large crater at its summit.
  • Collocations: volcanic crater, impact crater, deep crater
  • Vietnamese: Miệng núi lửa, hố va chạm
  • Sound Link:

 Tier

  • Phonemic: /tɪər/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Tiers (plural), Tiered (adjective)
  • Meaning: One of several levels or layers in a structure or system.
  • Example: The stadium has three tiers of seating.
  • Collocations: upper tier, multi-tiered, tier system
  • Vietnamese: Tầng, lớp
  • Sound Link:

Pristine

  • Phonemic: /ˈprɪs.tiːn/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: None
  • Meaning: Clean and untouched, in its original condition.
  • Example: The beach was pristine, with crystal-clear water and white sand.
  • Collocations: pristine condition, pristine environment, pristine landscape
  • Vietnamese: Nguyên sơ, tinh khôi
  • Sound Link:

Incarnations

  • Phonemic: /ˌɪn.kɑːrˈneɪ.ʃənz/
  • Word Form: Noun (plural)
  • Word Family: Incarnation (singular), Incarnate (verb/adjective)
  • Meaning: A particular form or version of someone or something, especially in a different time or context.
  • Example: The building has seen many incarnations as a hotel, a school, and a museum.
  • Collocations: different incarnations, previous incarnations, divine incarnations
  • Vietnamese: Sự hóa thân, hiện thân
  • Sound Link:

Devastating

  • Phonemic: /ˈdev.ə.steɪ.tɪŋ/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: Devastate (verb), Devastation (noun)
  • Meaning: Causing great harm, destruction, or emotional suffering.
  • Example: The earthquake had devastating effects on the region.
  • Collocations: devastating consequences, devastating impact, devastating news
  • Vietnamese: Tàn phá, thảm khốc
  • Sound Link:

Hallmarks

  • Phonemic: /ˈhɔːl.mɑːrks/
  • Word Form: Noun (plural)
  • Word Family: Hallmark (singular), Hallmarked (adjective)
  • Meaning: Typical characteristics or features.
  • Example: Attention to detail is one of the hallmarks of great craftsmanship.
  • Collocations: hallmark of quality, hallmark trait, hallmark feature
  • Vietnamese: Dấu hiệu đặc trưng
  • Sound Link:

Aesthetically

  • Phonemic: /esˈθet.ɪ.kəl.i/
  • Word Form: Adverb
  • Word Family: Aesthetic (adjective/noun), Aesthetics (noun)
  • Meaning: In a way that relates to beauty or artistic appearance.
  • Example: The room is aesthetically pleasing with its minimalist design.
  • Collocations: aesthetically pleasing, aesthetically beautiful, aesthetically simple
  • Vietnamese: Về mặt thẩm mỹ
  • Sound Link:

Zigzagging

  • Phonemic: /ˈzɪɡ.zæɡ.ɪŋ/
  • Word Form: Verb (present participle)
  • Word Family: Zigzag (noun/verb), Zigzagged (past tense), Zigzaggy (adjective)
  • Meaning: Moving in a path with sharp turns in alternating directions.
  • Example: We climbed the zigzagging trail up the mountain.
  • Collocations: zigzagging path, zigzagging motion, zigzagging road
  • Vietnamese: Ngoằn ngoèo
  • Sound Link:

Geometrical

  • Phonemic: /ˌdʒiːəˈmet.rɪ.kəl/
  • Word Form: Adjective
  • Word Family: Geometry (noun), Geometric (adjective)
  • Meaning: Relating to shapes, angles, and the principles of geometry.
  • Example: The building is designed with geometrical patterns in mind.
  • Collocations: geometrical design, geometrical structure, geometrical forms
  • Vietnamese: Thuộc hình học
  • Sound Link:

Artistry

  • Phonemic: /ˈɑːr.tɪ.stri/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Artist (noun), Artistic (adjective)
  • Meaning: Creative skill or ability in an art or craft.
  • Example: The artistry of the paintings captivated the audience.
  • Collocations: artistic artistry, traditional artistry, craftsmanship artistry
  • Vietnamese: Tính nghệ thuật
  • Sound Link:

Ingenuity

  • Phonemic: /ˌɪn.dʒəˈnjuː.ə.t̬i/
  • Word Form: Noun
  • Word Family: Ingenious (adjective), Ingeniously (adverb)
  • Meaning: The quality of being clever, original, and inventive.
  • Example: The engineer’s ingenuity solved the complex problem.
  • Collocations: technical ingenuity, inventive ingenuity, creative ingenuity
  • Vietnamese: Sự khéo léo, tài tình
  • Sound Link:

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