The Great Wall of China – Facts and History

The Great Wall of China is the biggest object ever made by humans. It stretchesacross mountains, deserts and grasslands for over 6,000 kilometres. The ancientChinese built the wall to keep invaders from the west out of their country. Today tourists from all over the world come and see it.

The Great Wall began as a series of many smaller walls that were not connectedwith each other. The first sections of the wall were built as early as 600 B.C. As time went on Chinese emperors connected them together to keep Huns, Mongols and other tribes out. Thousands of soldiers, criminals and peasants worked on building the wall. It was finally completed during the Ming dynasty in the 17 thcentury.

The Chinese wall is made of dirt, mud, stone and brick. It is between 5 and 9 metres tall and up to 8 metres wide. A small road runs on the top of the wall. Towers every few hundred metres were built to store military supplies. They served as watch posts and were used to send information. Guards fired cannonballs or used smoke signals to inform other towers of possible invaders. At times up to a million Chinese soldiers guarded the wall. Towards the end of the Middle Ages the great wall lost its military function.

Over the centuries parts of the wall have been damaged by weather, earthquakes and war. The government destroyed some parts of the wall to build new roads or for other construction projects. In the western part of China sandstorms have covered part of the wall. As a result almost half of the wall has disappeared completely, while about 30% is in fairly good condition.

In 2006, the Chinese government started taking action to protect the Great Wall. Today the wall is a World Heritage Site, a symbol of China and a big tourist attraction. The most visited section is a part near Beijing which 6 million tourists go to every year. 

The Great Wall of China

Words

• ancient = old
• B.C. = before the birth of Christ
• brick = hard block of baked clay used for building houses
• cannonball = heavy iron ball that you fire from a cannon
• century =a hundred years
• complete = finish
• condition = the state that something is in
• connect = link
• construction = building
• damage = destroy
• desert = dry land with little or no rain
• destroy = break, ruin
• disappear = to go away, not to be seen any more
• emperor = the man who rules a group of countries
• fairly = rather, pretty
• government = the people who rule a country
• guard = person who defends or protects a building
• humans = people
• invader = soldiers or an army that enters a country and takes control of it
• mud = soft, wet, sticky earth
• peasant = poor farmer
• possible = something that might happen or exist
• protect = guard, defend
• section = part of the wall
• soldier = a person who fights for his country in a war
• store = keep
• stretch = go from one place to another
• supplies = the things you need for daily life
• take action = to do something
• tribe = group of people of the same race who have the same language and traditions
• World Heritage Site = place, building or object that is very valuable and should not be destroyed