B1–B2 Vocabulary
- Animal
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈænɪməl/
- Word Family: animalistic (adj.), animals (plural noun)
- Meaning: A living creature other than a human.
- Example: Lions are wild animals found in Africa.
- Collocation: wild animals, domestic animals
- Vietnamese Definition: Động vật
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- Species
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈspiːʃiːz/
- Word Family: (unchanged in plural form)
- Meaning: A group of similar organisms capable of interbreeding.
- Example: Tigers and lions are species of big cats.
- Collocation: endangered species, invasive species
- Vietnamese Definition: Loài
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- Criminal
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈkrɪmɪnəl/
- Word Family: crime (noun), criminally (adv.)
- Meaning: A person who has committed a crime.
- Example: The criminal was arrested for theft.
- Collocation: career criminal, convicted criminal
- Vietnamese Definition: Tội phạm
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- Feature
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈfiːtʃər/
- Word Family: featured (adj.), featuring (verb)
- Meaning: A distinctive attribute or aspect of something.
- Example: The main feature of the park is its waterfall.
- Collocation: key feature, unique feature
- Vietnamese Definition: Đặc điểm
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- Lose
- Phonemic Sound: /luːz/
- Word Family: loss (noun), loser (noun)
- Meaning: To fail to win or retain something.
- Example: I don’t want to lose this opportunity.
- Collocation: lose weight, lose focus
- Vietnamese Definition: Mất, thua
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- Explain / Explanation
- Phonemic Sound: /ɪkˈspleɪn/ /ˌekspləˈneɪʃən/
- Word Family: explanatory (adj.), explained (adj.)
- Meaning: To make something clear or easy to understand.
- Example: He explained the rules to the new players.
- Collocation: explain a concept, provide an explanation
- Vietnamese Definition: Giải thích
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- Reason / Reasoned
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈriːzən/ /ˈriːzənd/
- Word Family: reasoning (noun), reasonable (adj.)
- Meaning: A cause or explanation for an event or action.
- Example: His reason for missing the meeting was valid.
- Collocation: good reason, reasoned argument
- Vietnamese Definition: Lý do
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- Life
- Phonemic Sound: /laɪf/
- Word Family: living (adj.), lively (adj.)
- Meaning: The existence of an individual being.
- Example: His life changed completely after the accident.
- Collocation: life expectancy, quality of life
- Vietnamese Definition: Cuộc sống
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- Example
- Phonemic Sound: /ɪɡˈzæmpl/
- Word Family: exemplary (adj.)
- Meaning: A specific instance that illustrates a point.
- Example: He gave an example to support his argument.
- Collocation: for example, perfect example
- Vietnamese Definition: Ví dụ
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- Begin
- Phonemic Sound: /bɪˈɡɪn/
- Word Family: beginning (noun), beginner (noun)
- Meaning: To start something.
- Example: The movie begins at 7 p.m.
- Collocation: begin a journey, begin a conversation
- Vietnamese Definition: Bắt đầu
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- Entire
- Phonemic Sound: /ɪnˈtaɪər/
- Word Family: entirety (noun)
- Meaning: Whole or complete, without missing parts.
- Example: He spent the entire day working on the project.
- Collocation: entire group, entire world
- Vietnamese Definition: Toàn bộ
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- Disappear
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌdɪsəˈpɪr/
- Word Family: disappearance (noun), disappeared (adj.)
- Meaning: To cease to be visible or present.
- Example: The sun disappeared behind the clouds.
- Collocation: mysteriously disappear, disappear suddenly
- Vietnamese Definition: Biến mất
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- Calculate / Calculation
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈkælkjəleɪt/ /ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃən/
- Word Family: calculated (adj.), calculating (adj.)
- Meaning: To determine something mathematically.
- Example: You need to calculate the total cost of the trip.
- Collocation: calculate precisely, perform a calculation
- Vietnamese Definition: Tính toán
- Sound: 🔊 Listen here
- Population
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃən/
- Word Family: populate (verb), populated (adj.)
- Meaning: All the inhabitants of a particular place.
- Example: The population of the city has grown rapidly.
- Collocation: population growth, rural population
- Vietnamese Definition: Dân số
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- Survive
- Phonemic Sound: /sərˈvaɪv/
- Word Family: survival (noun), survivor (noun)
- Meaning: Continue to live or exist, especially in difficult conditions.
- Example: Only a few species survived the mass extinction.
- Collocation: survive a crisis, barely survive
- Vietnamese Definition: Sống sót
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- Chance
- Phonemic Sound: /tʃæns/
- Word Family: chances (plural noun), chancy (adj.)
- Meaning: An opportunity or possibility of something happening.
- Example: Don’t miss the chance to visit the museum.
- Collocation: slim chance, good chance
- Vietnamese Definition: Cơ hội
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- Number
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈnʌmbər/
- Word Family: numerical (adj.), numbering (verb)
- Meaning: A value used to count or measure something.
- Example: The number of visitors increased this year.
- Collocation: large number, phone number
- Vietnamese Definition: Số
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- Used / Unused
- Phonemic Sound: /juːzd/ /ʌnˈjuːzd/
- Word Family: use (verb), user (noun)
- Meaning: Applied or not applied; consumed or not consumed.
- Example: This phone is used, but the charger is unused.
- Collocation: heavily used, barely used
- Vietnamese Definition: Đã sử dụng / Chưa sử dụng
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- Form
- Phonemic Sound: /fɔːrm/
- Word Family: formation (noun), forming (verb)
- Meaning: The shape or arrangement of something.
- Example: The clouds took on an interesting form.
- Collocation: application form, fill out the form
- Vietnamese Definition: Hình thức
- Sound: 🔊 Listen here
- History
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈhɪstəri/
- Word Family: historical (adj.), historian (noun)
- Meaning: The study or record of past events.
- Example: They are researching the history of the ancient city.
- Collocation: ancient history, world history
- Vietnamese Definition: Lịch sử
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- Lineage
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈlɪniɪdʒ/
- Word Family: none
- Meaning: Descent or ancestry, often referring to family history.
- Example: His lineage can be traced back to European royalty.
- Collocation: trace lineage, royal lineage
- Vietnamese Definition: Dòng dõi
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- Tree (in family tree sense)
- Phonemic Sound: /triː/
- Word Family: none
- Meaning: A diagram showing relationships in a family or ancestry.
- Example: She created a family tree to map her ancestors.
- Collocation: family tree, ancestral tree
- Vietnamese Definition: Cây (theo nghĩa sơ đồ gia đình)
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- Problem / Puzzle
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈprɑːbləm/ /ˈpʌzəl/
- Word Family: problematic (adj.), puzzling (adj.)
- Meaning: A difficult situation or challenge / A confusing or complex problem.
- Example: The problem was solved with teamwork / This puzzle is hard to figure out.
- Collocation: solve a problem, complicated puzzle
- Vietnamese Definition: Vấn đề / Câu đố
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- Develop / Development
- Phonemic Sound: /dɪˈvɛləp/ /dɪˈvɛləpmənt/
- Word Family: developer (noun), developmental (adj.)
- Meaning: To grow or advance in progress or complexity.
- Example: They are developing new software.
- Collocation: rapid development, develop skills
- Vietnamese Definition: Phát triển / Sự phát triển
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- Stage
- Phonemic Sound: /steɪdʒ/
- Word Family: staging (noun), staged (adj.)
- Meaning: A specific phase or point in a process or journey.
- Example: We’re at the final stage of the project.
- Collocation: early stage, final stage
- Vietnamese Definition: Giai đoạn
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- Others
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈʌðərz/
- Word Family: other (adj.), otherwise (adv.)
- Meaning: Additional people or items beyond the ones mentioned.
- Example: Some people agreed, while others disagreed.
- Collocation: among others, others like these
- Vietnamese Definition: Những người khác, vật khác
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- State (e.g., juvenile state)
- Phonemic Sound: /steɪt/
- Word Family: statement (noun), stately (adj.)
- Meaning: A particular condition or mode of being.
- Example: The experiment studied the juvenile state of the species.
- Collocation: current state, state of mind
- Vietnamese Definition: Trạng thái
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- Information
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/
- Word Family: informative (adj.), inform (verb)
- Meaning: Knowledge or data about something.
- Example: The book provides useful information on wildlife conservation.
- Collocation: valuable information, gather information
- Vietnamese Definition: Thông tin
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C1–C2 Vocabulary
- Evolutionary Throwback
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌiːvəˈluːʃəˌneri ˈθroʊˌbæk/
- Word Family: throwbacks (plural noun)
- Meaning: A reversion to an ancestral trait that was previously lost in evolution.
- Example: The occurrence of hind limbs in whales is considered an evolutionary throwback.
- Collocation: rare throwback, evolutionary phenomenon
- Vietnamese Definition: Sự quay lại đặc điểm tiến hóa tổ tiên
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- Irreversible / Irreversibility
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌɪrɪˈvɜːrsəbl/ /ˌɪrɪˌvɜːrsəˈbɪləti/
- Word Family: reversed (adj.), reversibility (noun)
- Meaning: Unable to be undone or changed back.
- Example: The damage to the environment might be irreversible.
- Collocation: irreversible change, irreversibility of evolution
- Vietnamese Definition: Không thể đảo ngược
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- Atavism
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈætəˌvɪzəm/
- Word Family: atavistic (adj.)
- Meaning: The reappearance of traits from distant ancestors.
- Example: The tail in some human newborns is a rare case of atavism.
- Collocation: rare atavism, biological atavism
- Vietnamese Definition: Đặc điểm tái hiện tổ tiên
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- Connotation
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃən/
- Word Family: connotative (adj.), connote (verb)
- Meaning: The idea or feeling that a word invokes beyond its literal meaning.
- Example: The word “home” has a positive emotional connotation for most people.
- Collocation: negative connotation, cultural connotation
- Vietnamese Definition: Hàm ý
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- Sub-human
- Phonemic Sound: /sʌbˈhjuːmən/
- Word Family: none
- Meaning: Less than human in characteristics or behavior.
- Example: The creature displayed sub-human intelligence in the experiment.
- Collocation: sub-human behavior, sub-human species
- Vietnamese Definition: Kém con người
- Sound: 🔊 Listen here
- Palaeontologist
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌpeɪliɒnˈtɒlədʒɪst/
- Word Family: palaeontology (noun), palaeontological (adj.)
- Meaning: A scientist who studies fossils and ancient life.
- Example: The palaeontologist discovered a new dinosaur species.
- Collocation: renowned palaeontologist, expert palaeontologist
- Vietnamese Definition: Nhà cổ sinh vật học
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- Primitive
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈprɪmɪtɪv/
- Word Family: primitivism (noun), primitively (adv.)
- Meaning: Relating to an early or simple stage of development.
- Example: The tools used by the early humans were very primitive.
- Collocation: primitive tools, primitive society
- Vietnamese Definition: Nguyên thủy
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- Ancestral
- Phonemic Sound: /ænˈsestrəl/
- Word Family: ancestor (noun), ancestry (noun)
- Meaning: Pertaining to ancestors or lineage.
- Example: The ancestral traits can be seen in their genetic makeup.
- Collocation: ancestral traits, ancestral lineage
- Vietnamese Definition: Thuộc tổ tiên
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- Appendages
- Phonemic Sound: /əˈpɛndɪdʒɪz/
- Word Family: appendage (singular noun)
- Meaning: External body parts, such as arms, legs, or tails.
- Example: The lizard’s appendages were studied for regenerative properties.
- Collocation: limb appendages, additional appendages
- Vietnamese Definition: Phần phụ
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- Probability
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌprɒbəˈbɪləti/
- Word Family: probable (adj.), probably (adv.)
- Meaning: The likelihood or chance of something happening.
- Example: There is a high probability of rain tomorrow.
- Collocation: high probability, mathematical probability
- Vietnamese Definition: Xác suất
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- Hypothesis
- Phonemic Sound: /haɪˈpɑːθəsɪs/
- Word Family: hypotheses (plural noun), hypothetical (adj.)
- Meaning: A proposed explanation based on limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
- Example: The scientist presented a hypothesis about the effects of climate change.
- Collocation: test a hypothesis, form a hypothesis
- Vietnamese Definition: Giả thuyết
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- Trait
- Phonemic Sound: /treɪt/
- Word Family: none
- Meaning: A distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person or organism.
- Example: Intelligence is considered a heritable trait.
- Collocation: genetic trait, distinctive trait
- Vietnamese Definition: Đặc điểm
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- Silent Genes
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈsaɪlənt dʒiːnz/
- Word Family: none
- Meaning: Genes that are present in DNA but not actively expressed.
- Example: Scientists are studying silent genes to understand their evolutionary purpose.
- Collocation: repressed silent genes, investigate silent genes
- Vietnamese Definition: Gen không hoạt động
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- Random Mutations
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈrændəm mjuːˈteɪʃənz/
- Word Family: mutated (adj.), mutational (adj.)
- Meaning: Unpredictable changes in genetic material that can affect traits.
- Example: Random mutations can lead to genetic disorders or new adaptations.
- Collocation: genetic mutations, spontaneous mutations
- Vietnamese Definition: Đột biến ngẫu nhiên
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- Render (useless)
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈrɛndər/
- Word Family: rendered (adj.), rendering (noun)
- Meaning: To cause to become, especially in a particular state or condition.
- Example: The software issue rendered the device useless.
- Collocation: render obsolete, render useless
- Vietnamese Definition: Làm cho (trở nên vô dụng)
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- Metamorphose / Metamorphosis
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌmɛtəˈmɔːrfoʊz/ /ˌmɛtəˈmɔːrfəsɪs/
- Word Family: metamorphic (adj.)
- Meaning: To change or transform into something completely different; transformation.
- Example: The caterpillar metamorphoses into a butterfly.
- Collocation: complete metamorphosis, undergo metamorphosis
- Vietnamese Definition: Biến đổi hình dạng / Sự biến đổi hình dạng
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- Juvenile
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈdʒuːvənaɪl/
- Word Family: juvenility (noun)
- Meaning: Relating to a young or immature state.
- Example: Juvenile birds often depend on their parents for food.
- Collocation: juvenile behavior, juvenile state
- Vietnamese Definition: Thanh thiếu niên / Ấu thơ
- Sound: 🔊 Listen here
- Detailed Analysis
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈdiːteɪld əˈnæləsɪs/
- Word Family: analyze (verb), analytical (adj.)
- Meaning: A comprehensive examination of the components of a subject.
- Example: The detailed analysis revealed key findings in the experiment.
- Collocation: perform a detailed analysis, require detailed analysis
- Vietnamese Definition: Phân tích chi tiết
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- Embryo
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈɛmbriˌoʊ/
- Word Family: embryonic (adj.), embryology (noun)
- Meaning: An organism in the early stages of development, before birth.
- Example: The scientist examined the fish embryo under a microscope.
- Collocation: human embryo, embryo development
- Vietnamese Definition: Phôi thai
- Sound: 🔊 Listen here
- Digit Loss
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈdɪdʒɪt lɔːs/
- Word Family: none
- Meaning: The evolutionary or developmental loss of fingers or toes.
- Example: Some animals exhibit digit loss as an adaptation for their environment.
- Collocation: evolutionary digit loss, gradual digit loss
- Vietnamese Definition: Mất ngón
- Sound: 🔊 Listen here
- Degrade
- Phonemic Sound: /dɪˈɡreɪd/
- Word Family: degradation (noun), degraded (adj.)
- Meaning: To deteriorate or break down in quality, value, or condition.
- Example: Over time, the quality of the painting degraded due to sunlight exposure.
- Collocation: degrade rapidly, environmental degradation
- Vietnamese Definition: Suy thoái
- Sound: 🔊 Listen here
- Reactivate / Reactivated
- Phonemic Sound: /riˈæktɪˌveɪt/ /riˈæktɪˌveɪtɪd/
- Word Family: activation (noun), reactive (adj.)
- Meaning: To make something active again.
- Example: Scientists reactivated dormant genes to observe their effects.
- Collocation: reactivate genes, reactivated system
- Vietnamese Definition: Kích hoạt lại
- Sound: 🔊 Listen here
- Developmental Programs
- Phonemic Sound: /dɪˌvɛləpˈmɛntl ˈproʊɡræmz/
- Word Family: development (noun), programming (noun)
- Meaning: Processes or systems that guide growth and change in living organisms.
- Example: The researchers studied the developmental programs of amphibians.
- Collocation: disrupted developmental programs, genetic programs
- Vietnamese Definition: Chương trình phát triển
- Sound: 🔊 Listen here
- Evolutionary History
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌiːvəˈluːʃəneri ˈhɪstəri/
- Word Family: evolution (noun), evolutionary (adj.)
- Meaning: The history of changes and adaptations in organisms over time.
- Example: Fossils provide insight into the evolutionary history of life on Earth.
- Collocation: detailed evolutionary history, record of evolutionary history
- Vietnamese Definition: Lịch sử tiến hóa
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- Anatomical
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌænəˈtɒmɪkl/
- Word Family: anatomy (noun), anatomically (adv.)
- Meaning: Relating to the structure of organisms and their parts.
- Example: The anatomical structure of the dinosaur’s skeleton was well-preserved.
- Collocation: anatomical studies, anatomical features
- Vietnamese Definition: Thuộc giải phẫu
- Sound: 🔊 Listen here
- Independent Evolution
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˌiːvəˈluːʃən/
- Word Family: independence (noun), evolving (verb)
- Meaning: Evolution occurring separately in different species or lineages.
- Example: Birds and bats developed flight through independent evolution.
- Collocation: demonstrate independent evolution, evidence of independent evolution
- Vietnamese Definition: Tiến hóa độc lập
- Sound: 🔊 Listen here
Idiomatic / Figurative Language
- Run backwards
- Meaning: To go in reverse, against the expected trend.
- Example: Evolution doesn’t typically run backwards, but anomalies can occur.
- Collocation: run backwards in time, run backwards unexpectedly
- Vietnamese Definition: Chạy ngược lại
- Evolutionary throwback
- Meaning: A figurative term for atavism, or the return to ancestral traits.
- Example: Scientists referred to the trait as an evolutionary throwback.
- Collocation: rare throwback, remarkable throwback
- Vietnamese Definition: Sự quay lại đặc điểm tiến hóa tổ tiên
- Come to light
- Meaning: To become known or revealed.
- Example: New fossils have come to light after recent excavations.
- Collocation: come to light unexpectedly, findings come to light
- Vietnamese Definition: Được tiết lộ
- Enter the scene
- Meaning: To get involved or arrive, often suddenly or unexpectedly.
- Example: Genetic engineering entered the scene, transforming biology research.
- Collocation: suddenly enter the scene, late to the scene
- Vietnamese Definition: Xuất hiện trên sân khấu
- Forward march of evolution
- Meaning: A metaphor for evolutionary progress.
- Example: The forward march of evolution has led to remarkable adaptations.
- Collocation: unstoppable march, forward evolution
- Vietnamese Definition: Tiến trình tiến hóa
- Took root
- Meaning: Became accepted or established.
- Example: The idea of natural selection took root in scientific communities.
- Collocation: deeply rooted, took root gradually
- Vietnamese Definition: Được chấp nhận
- Crop up
- Meaning: To appear unexpectedly.
- Example: Strange mutations crop up occasionally in nature.
- Collocation: crop up suddenly, crop up here and there
- Vietnamese Definition: Xuất hiện bất ngờ
- Play a role
- Meaning: To be involved or contribute to something.
- Example: Silent genes might play a role in evolutionary changes.
- Collocation: critical role, minor role
- Vietnamese Definition: Đóng vai trò
- Break the time limit
- Meaning: To exceed a supposed constraint or boundary.
- Example: Genetic reactivation seems to break the time limit of evolution.
- Collocation: break limitations, break boundaries
- Vietnamese Definition: Vượt qua giới hạn thời gian
- Sprout hind limb buds
- Meaning: A figurative or scientific use of “sprout” to describe growth.
- Example: The embryo sprouted hind limb buds in the early stages.
- Collocation: sprout new buds, begin to sprout
- Vietnamese Definition: Nảy mầm chi sau
Phrasal Verbs
- Come to light
- Meaning: To become revealed.
- Example: Important evidence came to light during the investigation.
- Vietnamese Definition: Được tiết lộ
- Crop up
- Meaning: To appear unexpectedly.
- Example: Problems crop up whenever we least expect them.
- Vietnamese Definition: Xuất hiện bất ngờ
- Take root
- Meaning: To become established.
- Example: This tradition has taken root in the local culture.
- Vietnamese Definition: Được chấp nhận
- Switch off / back on
- Meaning: To deactivate or reactivate genes.
- Example: Scientists switched off certain genetic traits in the study.
- Vietnamese Definition: Tắt / Bật lại
- Render (useless)
- Meaning: To make something ineffective.
- Example: The broken machinery rendered the entire process useless.
- Vietnamese Definition: Làm cho (trở nên vô dụng)
- Go into reverse
- Meaning: To revert to a previous state.
- Example: The unexpected mutation made the evolution process go into reverse.
- Vietnamese Definition: Quay lại trạng thái trước
- Point to
- Meaning: To indicate or suggest.
- Example: The results point to a new approach in genetic research.
- Vietnamese Definition: Chỉ ra
- Break (the time limit)
- Meaning: To surpass or exceed the expected limit.
- Example: The genetic discovery broke the time limit of known evolution theories.
- Vietnamese Definition: Vượt qua giới hạn thời gian
- Sprout (up)
- Meaning: To begin to grow suddenly, often in an embryonic context.
- Example: New ideas sprouted up after the discussion.
- Vietnamese Definition: Nảy mầm
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