Pre-intermediate to Intermediate Vocabulary
1. Trends
- Phonemic Sound: /trɛndz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Trend (singular noun), Trending (verb/adjective)
- Meaning: A general direction in which something is developing or changing.
- Contextual Example: Social media has a powerful influence on modern fashion trends.
- Collocation: emerging trends, follow trends, set a trend
- Vietnamese Definition: Xu hướng
- Sound Link:
2. Transport
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈtræn.spɔːrt/
- Word Form: Noun (uncountable), Verb (to transport)
- Word Family: Transportation (noun), Transportable (adjective)
- Meaning: The act of moving people or goods from one place to another.
- Contextual Example: Efficient transport systems are essential for economic growth.
- Collocation: public transport, means of transport, transport network
- Vietnamese Definition: Vận tải
- Sound Link:
3. System
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈsɪs.təm/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Systematic (adjective), Systematize (verb)
- Meaning: A set of connected things or parts forming a complex whole.
- Contextual Example: The education system in the country is undergoing major reforms.
- Collocation: operating system, system failure, management system
- Vietnamese Definition: Hệ thống
- Sound Link:
4. Growth
- Phonemic Sound: /ɡroʊθ/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Grow (verb), Growing (adjective)
- Meaning: The process of increasing in size, number, or importance.
- Contextual Example: The company recorded a steady growth in revenue last year.
- Collocation: economic growth, rapid growth, sustainable growth
- Vietnamese Definition: Sự tăng trưởng
- Sound Link:
5. Efficient
- Phonemic Sound: /ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Efficiency (noun), Efficiently (adverb)
- Meaning: Achieving maximum productivity with minimal wasted effort or expense.
- Contextual Example: Modern machines are designed to be highly efficient.
- Collocation: energy-efficient, efficient system, efficient use of resources
- Vietnamese Definition: Hiệu quả
- Sound Link:
6. Demand
- Phonemic Sound: /dɪˈmɑːnd/
- Word Form: Noun (uncountable), Verb
- Word Family: Demanding (adjective), Demandingly (adverb)
- Meaning: The need or desire for goods or services by consumers.
- Contextual Example: There is a high demand for electric vehicles in Europe.
- Collocation: consumer demand, supply and demand, meet the demand
- Vietnamese Definition: Nhu cầu
- Sound Link:
7. Increase
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈɪn.kriːs/ (noun), /ɪnˈkriːs/ (verb)
- Word Form: Noun, Verb
- Word Family: Increasing (adjective), Increased (adjective), Increasingly (adverb)
- Meaning: To become or make something greater in size, amount, or degree.
- Contextual Example: Global temperatures have increased significantly in the past century.
- Collocation: steady increase, significant increase, increase in demand
- Vietnamese Definition: Tăng
- Sound Link:
8. Factors
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈfæk.tə(r)z/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Factorize (verb), Factorization (noun)
- Meaning: A fact or situation that influences the result of something.
- Contextual Example: Climate change is one of the factors affecting agricultural production.
- Collocation: key factors, contributing factors, economic factors
- Vietnamese Definition: Các yếu tố
- Sound Link:
9. Fleet
- Phonemic Sound: /fliːt/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Fleeting (adjective), Fleetingly (adverb)
- Meaning: A group of vehicles, ships, or planes that are controlled together.
- Contextual Example: The company has added electric vehicles to its fleet.
- Collocation: aircraft fleet, shipping fleet, fleet management
- Vietnamese Definition: Đội (tàu, xe, máy bay)
- Sound Link:
10. Goods
- Phonemic Sound: /ɡʊdz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Good (adjective)
- Meaning: Items that are produced for sale or use.
- Contextual Example: Imported goods are subject to taxes.
- Collocation: imported goods, manufactured goods, consumer goods
- Vietnamese Definition: Hàng hóa
- Sound Link:
11. Economy
- Phonemic Sound: /ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Economic (adjective), Economically (adverb), Economist (noun)
- Meaning: The system by which goods and services are produced, sold, and bought.
- Contextual Example: The country’s economy has grown rapidly over the past decade.
- Collocation: global economy, thriving economy, market economy
- Vietnamese Definition: Nền kinh tế
- Sound Link:
12. Production
- Phonemic Sound: /prəˈdʌk.ʃən/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Produce (verb), Productive (adjective), Product (noun)
- Meaning: The process of creating, manufacturing, or making goods.
- Contextual Example: The production of electric cars is increasing worldwide.
- Collocation: mass production, production costs, efficient production
- Vietnamese Definition: Sự sản xuất
- Sound Link:
13. Industries
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈɪn.də.striz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Industrial (adjective), Industrialization (noun)
- Meaning: Sectors of the economy that produce goods or services.
- Contextual Example: The fashion and technology industries are undergoing rapid changes.
- Collocation: key industries, booming industries, service industries
- Vietnamese Definition: Các ngành công nghiệp
- Sound Link:
14. Cost
- Phonemic Sound: /kɒst/
- Word Form: Noun, Verb
- Word Family: Costly (adjective), Costing (noun)
- Meaning: The amount of money needed to buy, make, or do something.
- Contextual Example: The cost of living has risen significantly in urban areas.
- Collocation: cut costs, production costs, cost-effective
- Vietnamese Definition: Chi phí
- Sound Link:
15. Volume
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈvɒl.juːm/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Voluminous (adjective)
- Meaning: The amount or quantity of something, often in large scale.
- Contextual Example: The volume of trade between the two countries has doubled.
- Collocation: high volume, volume control, volume of goods
- Vietnamese Definition: Khối lượng
- Sound Link:
16. Import
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈɪm.pɔːrt/ (noun), /ɪmˈpɔːrt/ (verb)
- Word Form: Noun, Verb
- Word Family: Importer (noun)
- Meaning: To bring goods or products into a country from abroad.
- Contextual Example: The country imports large quantities of oil.
- Collocation: import duty, import volume, heavy imports
- Vietnamese Definition: Nhập khẩu
- Sound Link:
17. Export
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈek.spɔːrt/ (noun), /ɪkˈspɔːrt/ (verb)
- Word Form: Noun, Verb
- Word Family: Exporter (noun)
- Meaning: To send goods or products to another country for sale.
- Contextual Example: Japan exports electronics worldwide.
- Collocation: export market, export volume, main exports
- Vietnamese Definition: Xuất khẩu
- Sound Link:
18. Rail
- Phonemic Sound: /reɪl/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Railway (noun)
- Meaning: The metal track used by trains or the system of transport by trains.
- Contextual Example: Rail transport is often faster than road transport for long distances.
- Collocation: rail network, rail service, rail transport
- Vietnamese Definition: Đường sắt
- Sound Link:
19. Average
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈæv.rɪdʒ/
- Word Form: Adjective, Noun
- Word Family: Averaging (verb)
- Meaning: The usual level or amount of something.
- Contextual Example: The average age of the participants was 30 years.
- Collocation: on average, average speed, average cost
- Vietnamese Definition: Trung bình
- Sound Link:
20. Policy
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈpɒl.ə.si/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Politician (noun), Political (adjective)
- Meaning: A set of ideas or plans used as a basis for decisions.
- Contextual Example: The government implemented new policies to reduce unemployment.
- Collocation: foreign policy, company policy, policy decision
- Vietnamese Definition: Chính sách
- Sound Link:
21. Greenhouse
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈɡriːn.haʊs/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Greenhousing (verb)
- Meaning: A building made of glass used for growing plants, or figuratively, gases affecting Earth’s climate.
- Contextual Example: The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is vital for combating climate change.
- Collocation: greenhouse effect, greenhouse gases, greenhouse emissions
- Vietnamese Definition: Nhà kính hoặc khí nhà kính
- Sound Link:
22. Gas
- Phonemic Sound: /ɡæs/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Gassy (adjective), Gasify (verb)
- Meaning: A substance like air that is neither solid nor liquid, often used as fuel.
- Contextual Example: Natural gas is commonly used for heating homes.
- Collocation: natural gas, fuel gas, gas emissions
- Vietnamese Definition: Khí đốt
- Sound Link:
23. Fuels
- Phonemic Sound: /fjʊəlz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Fueling (verb), Fuel (singular noun)
- Meaning: Substances burned to produce energy, like coal or gas.
- Contextual Example: Renewable fuels are becoming more popular in the transportation industry.
- Collocation: alternative fuels, fossil fuels, fuel consumption
- Vietnamese Definition: Nhiên liệu
- Sound Link:
24. Energy
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈen.ə.dʒi/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Energize (verb), Energetic (adjective)
- Meaning: The strength or power used to perform activities or to create work.
- Contextual Example: Wind energy is considered an eco-friendly power source.
- Collocation: renewable energy, energy sources, energy efficiency
- Vietnamese Definition: Năng lượng
- Sound Link:
25. Challenge
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈtʃæl.ɪndʒ/
- Word Form: Noun, Verb
- Word Family: Challenging (adjective), Challenger (noun)
- Meaning: A task or situation that tests someone’s ability.
- Contextual Example: Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity today.
- Collocation: face a challenge, pose a challenge, challenging task
- Vietnamese Definition: Thử thách
- Sound Link:
26. Market
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈmɑː.kɪt/
- Word Form: Noun, Verb
- Word Family: Marketing (noun), Marketable (adjective)
- Meaning: A place or activity where goods are bought and sold.
- Contextual Example: The global market for electric cars is rapidly growing.
- Collocation: market share, global market, domestic market
- Vietnamese Definition: Thị trường
- Sound Link:
27. Measures
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈmeʒ.ərz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural), Verb
- Word Family: Measurement (noun), Measurable (adjective)
- Meaning: Actions taken to achieve a particular goal.
- Contextual Example: Governments introduced strict measures to control inflation.
- Collocation: safety measures, take measures, effective measures
- Vietnamese Definition: Biện pháp
- Sound Link:
28. Pricing
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈpraɪ.sɪŋ/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Price (noun/verb), Priced (adjective)
- Meaning: The process of determining the cost of a product or service.
- Contextual Example: Competitive pricing is essential for attracting customers.
- Collocation: competitive pricing, pricing strategy, dynamic pricing
- Vietnamese Definition: Định giá
- Sound Link:
29. Services
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈsɜː.vɪ.sɪz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Serve (verb), Serviceable (adjective)
- Meaning: Work done by a company or organization to satisfy needs.
- Contextual Example: The company offers high-quality customer services.
- Collocation: public services, essential services, customer service
- Vietnamese Definition: Dịch vụ
- Sound Link:
30. Technology
- Phonemic Sound: /tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Technological (adjective), Technologist (noun)
- Meaning: The use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
- Contextual Example: Advances in technology have transformed industries worldwide.
- Collocation: modern technology, high technology, innovative technology
- Vietnamese Definition: Công nghệ
- Sound Link:
31. Infrastructure
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈɪn.frəˌstrʌk.tʃər/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Infrastructural (adjective)
- Meaning: Basic physical structures like roads, bridges, and buildings required for society.
- Contextual Example: Investment in infrastructure is key to improving transportation systems.
- Collocation: modern infrastructure, infrastructure development, basic infrastructure
- Vietnamese Definition: Cơ sở hạ tầng
- Sound Link:
Upper-intermediate to Advanced Vocabulary
32. Vigorous
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈvɪɡ.ər.əs/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Vigor (noun), Vigorously (adverb)
- Meaning: Strong, healthy, and full of energy.
- Contextual Example: Vigorous economic policies boosted growth in the country.
- Collocation: vigorous activity, vigorous debate, vigorous growth
- Vietnamese Definition: Mạnh mẽ
- Sound Link:
33. Conceive
- Phonemic Sound: /kənˈsiːv/
- Word Form: Verb
- Word Family: Conceivable (adjective), Conception (noun)
- Meaning: To form an idea or a plan in the mind.
- Contextual Example: It’s hard to conceive how such a large project will be implemented.
- Collocation: conceive an idea, conceive a plan, conceivable solution
- Vietnamese Definition: Tưởng tượng, hình dung
- Sound Link:
34. Facilitating
- Phonemic Sound: /fəˈsɪl.ɪ.teɪtɪŋ/
- Word Form: Verb (facilitate)
- Word Family: Facilitation (noun), Facilitator (noun)
- Meaning: To make an action or process easier.
- Contextual Example: Technology plays a crucial role in facilitating communication.
- Collocation: facilitate trade, facilitate growth, facilitate collaboration
- Vietnamese Definition: Tạo điều kiện thuận lợi
- Sound Link:
35. Spectacular
- Phonemic Sound: /spekˈtæk.jə.lər/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Spectacle (noun), Spectacularly (adverb)
- Meaning: Very impressive, dramatic, or eye-catching.
- Contextual Example: The fireworks display was absolutely spectacular.
- Collocation: spectacular views, spectacular performance, spectacular success
- Vietnamese Definition: Ngoạn mục
- Sound Link:
36. Substantial
- Phonemic Sound: /səbˈstæn.ʃəl/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Substantially (adverb), Substantiality (noun)
- Meaning: Large in amount, value, or importance.
- Contextual Example: There has been a substantial increase in renewable energy investments.
- Collocation: substantial progress, substantial change, substantial evidence
- Vietnamese Definition: Đáng kể
- Sound Link:
37. Determining
- Phonemic Sound: /dɪˈtɜː.mɪnɪŋ/
- Word Form: Verb (determine), Adjective (determining)
- Word Family: Determination (noun), Determinative (adjective)
- Meaning: To find out something or decide something firmly.
- Contextual Example: The cost of materials is a determining factor in construction projects.
- Collocation: determining factor, determining role, determine results
- Vietnamese Definition: Mang tính quyết định
- Sound Link:
38. Relocation
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌriː.ləʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Relocate (verb), Relocated (adjective)
- Meaning: The process of moving to a new place or area.
- Contextual Example: Many companies are considering relocation to reduce operational costs.
- Collocation: business relocation, company relocation, relocation process
- Vietnamese Definition: Sự di chuyển, chuyển địa điểm
- Sound Link:
39. Labour-intensive
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈleɪ.bər ɪnˌten.sɪv/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Labour (noun), Intensive (adjective)
- Meaning: Requiring a large amount of human labor.
- Contextual Example: Farming is often considered a labour-intensive industry.
- Collocation: labour-intensive work, labour-intensive industry, labour-intensive process
- Vietnamese Definition: Tốn nhiều lao động
- Sound Link:
40. Emphasised
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈem.fə.saɪzd/
- Word Form: Verb (emphasise), Adjective (emphasised)
- Word Family: Emphasis (noun), Emphatic (adjective)
- Meaning: To give special importance or value to something.
- Contextual Example: The report emphasised the need for greater sustainability efforts.
- Collocation: emphasised importance, emphasised need, strongly emphasised
- Vietnamese Definition: Được nhấn mạnh
- Sound Link:
42. Haulage
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈhɔː.lɪdʒ/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Haul (verb), Hauler (noun)
- Meaning: The commercial transport of goods by road or railway.
- Contextual Example: Road haulage accounts for the majority of goods transportation in Europe.
- Collocation: road haulage, freight haulage, haulage company
- Vietnamese Definition: Vận tải hàng hóa
- Sound Link:
43. Sustainable
- Phonemic Sound: /səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Sustainability (noun), Sustain (verb)
- Meaning: Able to be maintained at a certain level without exhausting resources.
- Contextual Example: Sustainable energy sources include wind and solar power.
- Collocation: sustainable development, sustainable energy, sustainable practices
- Vietnamese Definition: Bền vững
- Sound Link:
44. Objective
- Phonemic Sound: /əbˈdʒek.tɪv/
- Word Form: Noun, Adjective
- Word Family: Objectively (adverb), Objectivity (noun)
- Meaning: A goal or aim to be achieved.
- Contextual Example: The company’s primary objective is to reduce waste production.
- Collocation: achieve objectives, key objective, main objective
- Vietnamese Definition: Mục tiêu
- Sound Link:
45. Integration
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌɪn.tɪˈɡreɪ.ʃən/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Integrate (verb), Integrated (adjective)
- Meaning: The process of combining things into a unified whole.
- Contextual Example: The integration of renewable energy sources is critical to the project.
- Collocation: regional integration, full integration, successful integration
- Vietnamese Definition: Sự hội nhập
- Sound Link:
46. Ecological
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌiː.kəˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Ecology (noun), Ecologist (noun)
- Meaning: Related to the relationship between living organisms and their environment.
- Contextual Example: Ecological concerns are shaping environmental policies worldwide.
- Collocation: ecological balance, ecological impact, ecological system
- Vietnamese Definition: Thuộc về sinh thái
- Sound Link:
47. Necessity
- Phonemic Sound: /nəˈses.ə.ti/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Necessary (adjective), Necessitate (verb)
- Meaning: Something essential or indispensable.
- Contextual Example: Access to clean water is a necessity for every human being.
- Collocation: basic necessity, absolute necessity, necessity for change
- Vietnamese Definition: Nhu cầu, điều thiết yếu
- Sound Link:
48. Marginalisation
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌmɑː.dʒɪ.nəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Marginalize (verb), Marginal (adjective)
- Meaning: The process of making someone or something less important or significant.
- Contextual Example: Rail freight services face marginalisation due to the growth of road transport.
- Collocation: social marginalisation, economic marginalisation, marginalisation process
- Vietnamese Definition: Sự cách ly, sự gạt ra ngoài lề
- Sound Link:
49. Modal
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈməʊ.dəl/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Modality (noun)
- Meaning: Relating to a mode, especially of transport or communication.
- Contextual Example: The plan focuses on achieving a modal shift from road to rail transport.
- Collocation: modal split, modal choice, modal integration
- Vietnamese Definition: Thuộc phương thức hoặc kiểu loại
- Sound Link:
50. Complementary
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌkɒm.plɪˈmen.tər.i/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Complement (noun/verb), Complementarity (noun)
- Meaning: Combining in a way that enhances or completes something.
- Contextual Example: Rail services and road transport should be complementary rather than competing.
- Collocation: complementary services, complementary roles, complementary efforts
- Vietnamese Definition: Bổ trợ, bổ sung
- Sound Link:
51. Revitalising
- Phonemic Sound: /ˌriːˈvaɪ.təl.aɪzɪŋ/
- Word Form: Verb (revitalise)
- Word Family: Revitalisation (noun)
- Meaning: To bring new life, energy, or success to something.
- Contextual Example: Investments are revitalising the urban rail network.
- Collocation: revitalising economy, revitalising strategy, revitalising plans
- Vietnamese Definition: Làm sống lại, hồi sinh
- Sound Link:
52. Cohesion
- Phonemic Sound: /kəʊˈhiː.ʒən/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Cohesive (adjective), Cohere (verb)
- Meaning: The action of forming a united whole.
- Contextual Example: Regional cohesion is essential for the development of shared infrastructure.
- Collocation: social cohesion, community cohesion, cohesion within groups
- Vietnamese Definition: Sự gắn kết
- Sound Link:
53. Saturated
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈsætʃ.ər.eɪ.tɪd/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Saturation (noun), Saturate (verb)
- Meaning: Containing as much as possible; overly full.
- Contextual Example: Urban roads are saturated with traffic during peak hours.
- Collocation: saturated market, saturated network, saturated solution
- Vietnamese Definition: Bão hòa
- Sound Link:
54. Arteries
- Phonemic Sound: /ˈɑː.tər.iz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Artery (singular)
- Meaning: Major routes for transportation or circulation.
- Contextual Example: Highways are the main arteries of the national transport system.
- Collocation: main arteries, transport arteries, arteries of commerce
- Vietnamese Definition: Đường giao thông chính, huyết mạch
- Sound Link:
55. Ambitious
- Phonemic Sound: /æmˈbɪʃ.əs/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Ambition (noun), Ambitiously (adverb)
- Meaning: Having a strong desire to achieve success or difficult goals.
- Contextual Example: The government has set ambitious targets for reducing emissions.
- Collocation: ambitious goals, ambitious project, highly ambitious
- Vietnamese Definition: Tham vọng, hoài bão
- Sound Link:
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