ACADEMIC VOCABULARIES 1
Intermediate LeveL
Fundamental
- Phonemic: /ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.t̬əl/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Fundamentally (adverb), Fundamentals (noun)
- Meaning: Basic and essential for something’s existence or success.
- Example: Trust is fundamental in any relationship.
- Collocations: fundamental principle, fundamental issue, fundamental difference
- Vietnamese: Cơ bản, cốt yếu
- Sound Link:
Restoration
- Phonemic: /ˌres.tərˈeɪ.ʃən/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Restore (verb), Restorative (adjective)
- Meaning: The act of returning something to its original state.
- Example: The restoration of the castle took several years.
- Collocations: restoration project, restoration work, restoration effort
- Vietnamese: Sự phục hồi
- Sound Link:
Neglected
- Phonemic: /nɪˈɡlek.tɪd/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Neglect (verb/noun), Negligence (noun), Negligent (adjective)
- Meaning: Not receiving enough care or attention.
- Example: The neglected garden was overgrown with weeds.
- Collocations: neglected child, neglected area, neglected building
- Vietnamese: Bị bỏ quên, sao lãng
- Sound Link:
Recent
- Phonemic: /ˈriː.sənt/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Recently (adverb), Recency (noun)
- Meaning: Happening or existing not long ago.
- Example: The recent increase in prices has affected many families.
- Collocations: recent developments, recent history, recent news
- Vietnamese: Gần đây
- Sound Link:
Inhabitants
- Phonemic: /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənts/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Inhabit (verb), Habitat (noun), Inhabited (adjective)
- Meaning: The people or animals living in a particular place.
- Example: The island’s inhabitants rely on fishing for their livelihood.
- Collocations: local inhabitants, native inhabitants, rural inhabitants
- Vietnamese: Dân cư
- Sound Link:
Clean
- Phonemic: /kliːn/
- Word Form: Adjective/Verb
- Word Family: Cleaner (noun), Cleaning (noun/gerund), Cleanliness (noun)
- Meaning: Free from dirt or impurities.
- Example: The floors are clean after being mopped.
- Collocations: clean energy, clean air, clean water
- Vietnamese: Sạch sẽ
- Sound Link:
Fresh
- Phonemic: /freʃ/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Freshness (noun), Freshly (adverb)
- Meaning: Newly made, obtained, or experienced.
- Example: The bakery sells fresh bread every morning.
- Collocations: fresh air, fresh water, fresh start
- Vietnamese: Tươi, mới
- Sound Link:
Irrigation
- Phonemic: /ˌɪr.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Irrigate (verb), Irrigated (adjective)
- Meaning: The supply of water to crops or land for agriculture.
- Example: Irrigation is crucial for farming in dry areas.
- Collocations: irrigation system, irrigation project, irrigation techniques
- Vietnamese: Sự tưới tiêu
- Sound Link:
Gathering
- Phonemic: /ˈɡæð.ər.ɪŋ/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Gather (verb), Gatherer (noun)
- Meaning: A group of people assembled for a purpose.
- Example: A gathering of friends met at the park.
- Collocations: family gathering, social gathering, data gathering
- Vietnamese: Cuộc tụ họp
- Sound Link:
Leisure
- Phonemic: /ˈliːʒər/ or /ˈleʒər/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Leisurely (adjective/adverb)
- Meaning: Time spent relaxing or doing things you enjoy.
- Example: He enjoys reading novels in his leisure time.
- Collocations: leisure time, leisure activities, leisure centre
- Vietnamese: Thời gian rảnh rỗi
- Sound Link:
Worship
- Phonemic: /ˈwɜːʃɪp/
- Word Form: Noun/Verb
- Word Family: Worshipper (noun), Worshipped (adjective)
- Meaning: Reverence or devotion shown to a deity.
- Example: Many people gathered at the temple to worship.
- Collocations: public worship, worship service, religious worship
- Vietnamese: Thờ cúng
- Sound Link:
Survival
- Phonemic: /səˈvaɪ.vəl/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Survive (verb), Survivor (noun), Surviving (adjective)
- Meaning: The fact of continuing to live or exist.
- Example: The survival of endangered species depends on conservation efforts.
- Collocations: survival rate, survival strategy, fight for survival
- Vietnamese: Sự sống sót
- Sound Link:
Passage
- Phonemic: /ˈpæs.ɪdʒ/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Pass (verb), Passing (noun), Passable (adjective)
- Meaning: A narrow way or corridor connecting places, or a portion of text.
- Example: We walked through a dark passage to reach the main hall.
- Collocations: passage of time, narrow passage, text passage
- Vietnamese: Lối đi, đoạn văn
- Sound Link:
Pillars
- Phonemic: /ˈpɪl.ərz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Pillar (singular)
- Meaning: Vertical structures of stone, wood, or metal supporting a building.
- Example: The ancient temple is held up by large stone pillars.
- Collocations: stone pillars, central pillar, key pillar
- Vietnamese: Trụ cột
- Sound Link:
Shelter
- Phonemic: /ˈʃel.tər/
- Word Form: Noun/Verb
- Word Family: Sheltered (adjective), Shelterless (adjective)
- Meaning: A structure providing protection or a place of safety.
- Example: The cave provided shelter from the storm.
- Collocations: emergency shelter, animal shelter, sheltered life
- Vietnamese: Chỗ trú ẩn
- Sound Link:
Decorative
- Phonemic: /ˈdek.ər.ə.tɪv/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Decoration (noun), Decorate (verb), Decorator (noun)
- Meaning: Intended to look attractive or beautiful.
- Example: The room was filled with decorative flowers for the wedding.
- Collocations: decorative items, decorative purposes, decorative arts
- Vietnamese: Mang tính trang trí
- Sound Link:
Features
- Phonemic: /ˈfiː.tʃərz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Feature (singular), Featured (adjective)
- Meaning: Distinctive parts or characteristics of something.
- Example: The phone has advanced features like facial recognition.
- Collocations: unique features, special features, facial features
- Vietnamese: Đặc điểm
- Sound Link:
Monuments
- Phonemic: /ˈmɒn.jə.mənts/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Monumental (adjective)
- Meaning: Structures built to honor a person, event, or historical place.
- Example: The pyramids are among the world’s most famous monuments.
- Collocations: historical monument, cultural monument, ancient monument
- Vietnamese: Di tích, công trình tưởng niệm
- Sound Link:
Sources
- Phonemic: /sɔːrsɪz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Source (singular)
- Meaning: The origin of something or where something comes from.
- Example: The internet is a great source of information.
- Collocations: reliable sources, primary sources, energy sources
- Vietnamese: Nguồn gốc
- Sound Link:
Upper-Intermediate Level
Architecturally
- Phonemic: /ˌɑːrkɪˈtek.tʃər.əl.i/
- Word Form: Adverb
- Word Family: Architect (noun), Architecture (noun), Architectural (adjective)
- Meaning: Related to the design, style, or construction of buildings.
- Example: The museum is architecturally unique.
- Collocations: architecturally significant, architecturally complex, architecturally designed
- Vietnamese: Về mặt kiến trúc
- Sound Link:
Complex
- Phonemic: /ˈkɒm.pleks/ or /kəmˈpleks/
- Word Form: Adjective/Noun
- Word Family: Complexity (noun), Complexly (adverb)
- Meaning: Having many interconnected parts; complicated.
- Example: The problem was too complex to solve quickly.
- Collocations: complex issue, complex system, highly complex
- Vietnamese: Phức tạp
- Sound Link:
Utilitarian
- Phonemic: /ˌjuː.tɪ.lɪˈteə.ri.ən/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Utility (noun), Utilise (verb), Utilisation (noun)
- Meaning: Designed to be practical rather than decorative.
- Example: The design of the building is strictly utilitarian, prioritizing function over form.
- Collocations: utilitarian design, utilitarian purpose, utilitarian approach
- Vietnamese: Hướng đến thực dụng
- Sound Link:
Elaborate
- Phonemic: /ɪˈlæb.ər.ət/ (adjective) or /ɪˈlæb.ə.reɪt/ (verb)
- Word Form: Adjective/Verb
- Word Family: Elaboration (noun), Elaborately (adverb)
- Meaning: Adjective: Involving many details or parts. Verb: To explain something in detail.
- Example: The architect presented an elaborate design.
- Collocations: elaborate detail, elaborate explanation, elaborate design
- Vietnamese: Chi tiết, tỉ mỉ
- Sound Link:
Relentless
- Phonemic: /rɪˈlent.ləs/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Relentlessly (adverb), Relentlessness (noun)
- Meaning: Continuing without becoming weaker or stopping.
- Example: The team worked with relentless dedication to finish the project on time.
- Collocations: relentless effort, relentless pursuit, relentless determination
- Vietnamese: Không ngừng nghỉ, kiên cường
- Sound Link:
Sculptures
- Phonemic: /ˈskʌlp.tʃərz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Sculpture (singular noun), Sculptor (noun), Sculpt (verb)
- Meaning: Three-dimensional works of art created by carving or shaping materials.
- Example: The gallery displayed stunning sculptures from the Renaissance period.
- Collocations: stone sculptures, bronze sculptures, intricate sculptures
- Vietnamese: Tác phẩm điêu khắc
- Sound Link:
Depicting
- Phonemic: /dɪˈpɪkt.ɪŋ/
- Word Form: Verb (present participle)
- Word Family: Depict (verb), Depiction (noun)
- Meaning: To show or represent something in a picture, drawing, or other art form.
- Example: The mural is depicting scenes from everyday life in the village.
- Collocations: depicting emotions, depicting history, depicting daily life
- Vietnamese: Miêu tả, khắc họa
- Sound Link:
Industrial
- Phonemic: /ɪnˈdʌs.tri.əl/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Industry (noun), Industrialist (noun), Industrialised (adjective)
- Meaning: Related to or involving industry, factories, or manufacturing.
- Example: The city has a strong industrial base.
- Collocations: industrial revolution, industrial area, industrial production
- Vietnamese: Thuộc về công nghiệp
- Sound Link:
Drought
- Phonemic: /draʊt/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Drought-prone (adjective)
- Meaning: A long period of time when there is little or no rain.
- Example: The region is suffering from a severe drought.
- Collocations: severe drought, prolonged drought, drought conditions
- Vietnamese: Hạn hán
- Sound Link:
Recognised
- Phonemic: /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪzd/
- Word Form: Verb (past tense)/Adjective
- Word Family: Recognise (verb), Recognition (noun), Recognisable (adjective)
- Meaning: Identified or acknowledged as important or true.
- Example: She is widely recognised for her contributions to science.
- Collocations: recognised authority, widely recognised, internationally recognised
- Vietnamese: Được công nhận
- Sound Link:
Ornate
- Phonemic: /ɔːˈneɪt/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Ornaments (noun), Ornamental (adjective)
- Meaning: Decorated in a detailed and fancy way.
- Example: The ornate ceiling was covered in intricate carvings.
- Collocations: ornate design, ornate decoration, ornate building
- Vietnamese: Trang trí công phu
- Sound Link:
Pavilions
- Phonemic: /pəˈvɪl.jənz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Pavilion (singular noun)
- Meaning: A light structure often used for shelter or entertainment.
- Example: The park was filled with beautiful pavilions for picnics.
- Collocations: garden pavilions, outdoor pavilions, exhibition pavilions
- Vietnamese: Đình, nhà vòm
- Sound Link:
Reservoir
- Phonemic: /ˈrez.ə.vwɑːr/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Reservoirs (plural)
- Meaning: A natural or artificial lake for storing water.
- Example: The reservoir provides water to the entire city.
- Collocations: water reservoir, natural reservoir, underground reservoir
- Vietnamese: Hồ chứa nước
- Sound Link:
Formation
- Phonemic: /fɔːrˈmeɪ.ʃən/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Form (noun/verb), Formative (adjective), Formed (adjective)
- Meaning: The process of coming together or taking shape.
- Example: The rock formations were created millions of years ago.
- Collocations: rock formation, cloud formation, team formation
- Vietnamese: Sự hình thành
- Sound Link:
Renowned
- Phonemic: /rɪˈnaʊnd/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Renown (noun)
- Meaning: Famous or widely known and admired.
- Example: The artist is renowned for her abstract paintings.
- Collocations: world-renowned, internationally renowned, renowned author
- Vietnamese: Nổi tiếng, lừng danh
- Sound Link:
Advanced Level
Millennium
- Phonemic: /mɪˈlen.i.əm/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Millennia (plural noun)
- Meaning: A period of 1,000 years.
- Example: The temple has stood for more than a millennium.
- Collocations: new millennium, over a millennium, millennium celebrations
- Vietnamese: Thiên niên kỷ
- Sound Link:
Spectacular
- Phonemic: /spekˈtæk.jə.lər/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Spectacle (noun), Spectacularly (adverb)
- Meaning: Extremely impressive or visually striking.
- Example: The view of the mountains was truly spectacular.
- Collocations: spectacular scenery, spectacular success, spectacular fireworks
- Vietnamese: Hùng vĩ, ngoạn mục
- Sound Link:
Bygone
- Phonemic: /ˈbaɪ.ɡɒn/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: None
- Meaning: Belonging to a past time.
- Example: The museum contains relics of a bygone era.
- Collocations: bygone times, bygone age, bygone days
- Vietnamese: Đã qua, quá khứ
- Sound Link:
Aquifer
- Phonemic: /ˈæk.wɪ.fər/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Aquifers (plural noun)
- Meaning: An underground layer of water-bearing rock or soil.
- Example: The aquifer provides clean drinking water to the region.
- Collocations: natural aquifer, underground aquifer, sustainable aquifer
- Vietnamese: Tầng ngậm nước
- Sound Link:
Crater
- Phonemic: /ˈkreɪ.tər/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Craters (plural noun), Cratered (adjective)
- Meaning: A round depression in the ground, often caused by an impact or explosion.
- Example: The volcano left a large crater at its summit.
- Collocations: volcanic crater, impact crater, deep crater
- Vietnamese: Miệng núi lửa, hố va chạm
- Sound Link:
Tier
- Phonemic: /tɪər/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Tiers (plural), Tiered (adjective)
- Meaning: One of several levels or layers in a structure or system.
- Example: The stadium has three tiers of seating.
- Collocations: upper tier, multi-tiered, tier system
- Vietnamese: Tầng, lớp
- Sound Link:
Pristine
- Phonemic: /ˈprɪs.tiːn/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: None
- Meaning: Clean and untouched, in its original condition.
- Example: The beach was pristine, with crystal-clear water and white sand.
- Collocations: pristine condition, pristine environment, pristine landscape
- Vietnamese: Nguyên sơ, tinh khôi
- Sound Link:
Incarnations
- Phonemic: /ˌɪn.kɑːrˈneɪ.ʃənz/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Incarnation (singular), Incarnate (verb/adjective)
- Meaning: A particular form or version of someone or something, especially in a different time or context.
- Example: The building has seen many incarnations as a hotel, a school, and a museum.
- Collocations: different incarnations, previous incarnations, divine incarnations
- Vietnamese: Sự hóa thân, hiện thân
- Sound Link:
Devastating
- Phonemic: /ˈdev.ə.steɪ.tɪŋ/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Devastate (verb), Devastation (noun)
- Meaning: Causing great harm, destruction, or emotional suffering.
- Example: The earthquake had devastating effects on the region.
- Collocations: devastating consequences, devastating impact, devastating news
- Vietnamese: Tàn phá, thảm khốc
- Sound Link:
Hallmarks
- Phonemic: /ˈhɔːl.mɑːrks/
- Word Form: Noun (plural)
- Word Family: Hallmark (singular), Hallmarked (adjective)
- Meaning: Typical characteristics or features.
- Example: Attention to detail is one of the hallmarks of great craftsmanship.
- Collocations: hallmark of quality, hallmark trait, hallmark feature
- Vietnamese: Dấu hiệu đặc trưng
- Sound Link:
Aesthetically
- Phonemic: /esˈθet.ɪ.kəl.i/
- Word Form: Adverb
- Word Family: Aesthetic (adjective/noun), Aesthetics (noun)
- Meaning: In a way that relates to beauty or artistic appearance.
- Example: The room is aesthetically pleasing with its minimalist design.
- Collocations: aesthetically pleasing, aesthetically beautiful, aesthetically simple
- Vietnamese: Về mặt thẩm mỹ
- Sound Link:
Zigzagging
- Phonemic: /ˈzɪɡ.zæɡ.ɪŋ/
- Word Form: Verb (present participle)
- Word Family: Zigzag (noun/verb), Zigzagged (past tense), Zigzaggy (adjective)
- Meaning: Moving in a path with sharp turns in alternating directions.
- Example: We climbed the zigzagging trail up the mountain.
- Collocations: zigzagging path, zigzagging motion, zigzagging road
- Vietnamese: Ngoằn ngoèo
- Sound Link:
Geometrical
- Phonemic: /ˌdʒiːəˈmet.rɪ.kəl/
- Word Form: Adjective
- Word Family: Geometry (noun), Geometric (adjective)
- Meaning: Relating to shapes, angles, and the principles of geometry.
- Example: The building is designed with geometrical patterns in mind.
- Collocations: geometrical design, geometrical structure, geometrical forms
- Vietnamese: Thuộc hình học
- Sound Link:
Artistry
- Phonemic: /ˈɑːr.tɪ.stri/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Artist (noun), Artistic (adjective)
- Meaning: Creative skill or ability in an art or craft.
- Example: The artistry of the paintings captivated the audience.
- Collocations: artistic artistry, traditional artistry, craftsmanship artistry
- Vietnamese: Tính nghệ thuật
- Sound Link:
Ingenuity
- Phonemic: /ˌɪn.dʒəˈnjuː.ə.t̬i/
- Word Form: Noun
- Word Family: Ingenious (adjective), Ingeniously (adverb)
- Meaning: The quality of being clever, original, and inventive.
- Example: The engineer’s ingenuity solved the complex problem.
- Collocations: technical ingenuity, inventive ingenuity, creative ingenuity
- Vietnamese: Sự khéo léo, tài tình
- Sound Link:
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